The qualitative assessment of general movements in preterm, term and young infants — review of the methodology

Einspieler, Christa; Prechtl, H.F.R.; Ferrari, Fabrizio; Cioni, Giovanni; Bos, Arend F.

doi:10.1016/s0378-3782(97)00092-3

Cited by 463 publications

(979 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…17 General movements assessment was performed at 34, 36, and 52 weeks' PMA. 25 Postintervention, all infants were assessed with the TIMP at 37 and 52 weeks' PMA. Longitudinal assessments of the general movements and of TIMP at 52 weeks' PMA will be reported elsewhere.…”

Section: Assessment Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Parent-Administered Physical Therapy for Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2016

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the short-term effect of parent-administered physical therapy in the preterm period on motor performance in medically stable infants. METHODS:This study was a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized controlled trial including 153 infants born at gestational age ≤32 weeks and randomized to an intervention (n = 74) or a control (n = 79) group. The intervention promoted postural control, head control, and midline orientation. Parents, supervised by a physical therapist, conducted the intervention 10 minutes twice a day for 3 weeks from 34 to 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA). The control group received usual care. The Test of Infant Motor Performance Screening Items was used at baseline and the Test of Infant Motor Performance postintervention (week 37 PMA). Linear mixed models were used to assess change in motor performance between groups from 34 to 37 weeks' PMA by using z scores. Effect size was measured by using Cohen's d. RESULTS:The mean baseline z score was 0.06 (95% confidence interval, -0.48 to 0.60). After the intervention, there was a significant group difference, indicating a change in motor performance from week 34 to 37 PMA favoring the intervention group. The estimated difference in z scores was 0.42 (95% confidence interval, 0.13 to 0.72; P = .005), and the effect size was 0.40.CONCLUSIONS: Parent-administered physical therapy conducted before term-equivalent age improved motor performance at 37 weeks' PMA more than conventional care. All infants will be followed up until 2 years' corrected age to evaluate the long-term effects of this brief intervention. Mrs Ustad participated in planning the study, baseline and postintervention assessments, statistical analyses, and drafting of the manuscript; Dr Evensen was involved in supervision of statistical analyses and preparation of the manuscript; Drs Campbell and Girolami participated in planning the study, in preparation of the manuscript, and in proofreading; Dr Helbostad supervised the statistical analyses and preparation of the manuscript; Drs Kaaresen and Jørgensen participated in planning the study and in preparation of the manuscript; and Dr Øberg was responsible for design and planning the study and participated in postintervention assessments from video recordings, statistical analyses, and preparation of the manuscript. All authors approved the fi nal manuscript as submitted and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work. WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Studies on early intervention to improve motor function in preterm infants have failed to show large effects. Interventions involving parents seem to be more effective than when therapists conduct the intervention. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:Three weeks of parentadministered physical therapy implemented before term-equivalent age in very preterm infants improved short-term motor performance more than in the control group. The intervention was feasible and well tolerated by the infants.by guest on May 10, 2018 http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/ Downloaded from U...

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Section: Assessment Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Parent-Administered Physical Therapy for Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2016

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“…Gestalt assessment of general movements and the computer-based analysis were based on video recordings performed according to the Prechtl's GMA methodology (21). Thirty-eight (13.6%) of 279 recordings, all from infants with two recordings, were excluded due to technical problems (n=21), crying (n=9), displacement of the infant on the mattress (n=6) or unknown (n=2).…”

Section: Video Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In case of disagreement, the observers re-assessed the video together and reached consensus. Fidgety movements are small movements of moderate speed and variable acceleration, of neck, trunk and limbs, in all directions (21), and their temporal organization was classified according to how frequently they occurred and the duration of interspersed pauses. FMs were defined as normal if present intermittently or continually.…”

Section: Observation Of General Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer-based video analysis identifies infants with absence of fidgety movements

et al. 2017

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“…In case no GMs occurred, the quality of GMs was given the score hypokinetic. The recordings around 3 months of age were made during a normal outpatient visit or at home and lasted 10 min, which is sufficiently long for a reliable assessment of FMs (10). Although interference was avoided as much as possible, any necessary actions by caregivers were permitted.…”

Section: Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The qualitative assessment of general movements (GMs) from video recordings is a sensitive, noninvasive method to investigate the integrity of the young infant's brain (10,11). This method is based on visual Gestalt perception of GM quality up to 5 months after term.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hydrocortisone vs. dexamethasone treatment for bronchopulmonary dysplasia and their effects on general movements in preterm infants

et al. 2011

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INTRODUCTION: hydrocortisone (hc) and dexamethasone (DXM) are used to treat preterm infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). This may, however, affect their longterm neurological development. We aimed to determine the effect of hc and DXM therapy in preterm infants on neurological functioning as assessed by the quality of general movements (GMs) until 3 months after term. RESULTS: We found no difference in the quality of GMs between hc and DXM infants until term age. at 3 months, hc infants had a higher median motor optimality score (MOs) than DXM infants (25 vs. 21, P = 0.015). In the DXM group, MOs on the first day of treatment was lower than before treatment (10 vs. 11, P = 0.030). DISCUSSION: MOs decreased in DXM infants on the first day following treatment and at 3 months after term. This was not the case in hc infants. Our study suggests that neurological functioning at 3 months after term is better in infants treated with hc than in infants treated with DXM. METHODS:We performed a longitudinal, observational study including 56 preterm infants (n = 17 hc, n = 17 DXM, n = 22 controls). GM quality, videoed before and after treatment, was assessed. In addition, a MOs was assigned to details of the GMs.

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The qualitative assessment of general movements in preterm, term and young infants — review of the methodology

Cited by 463 publications

References 19 publications

Early Parent-Administered Physical Therapy for Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Early Parent-Administered Physical Therapy for Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Computer-based video analysis identifies infants with absence of fidgety movements

Hydrocortisone vs. dexamethasone treatment for bronchopulmonary dysplasia and their effects on general movements in preterm infants

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