The Qualibou caldera, St. Lucia, West Indies

Wohletz, Kenneth H.; Heiken, Grant; Ander, Mark E.; Goff, Fraser; Vuataz, François-David; Wadge, G.

doi:10.1016/0377-0273(86)90081-8

Cited by 40 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The origin of the Qualibou caldera has been the subject of discussion. Some authors interpreted it as a collapse caldera associated with eruption of voluminous ash‐and‐pumice flows [ Tomblin , 1965; Wohletz et al , 1986]. Others considered it as a collapse structure.…”

Section: Islands Of the Southern Part Of The Arcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcano flank instability in the Lesser Antilles Arc: Diversity of scale, processes, and temporal recurrence

Boudon¹,

Friant²,

Komorowski³

et al. 2007

J. Geophys. Res.

150

196

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International audience[1] The 1997 Boxing Day collapse, a remarkable feature of the ongoing eruption of Soufrière Hills on Montserrat, has prompted new interest in the study of volcano stability in the Lesser Antilles. Building on a few cases documented in the literature, we have now identified at least 47 flank collapse events on volcanoes of the Caribbean arc where this type of behavior is characteristic and repetitive. About 15 events occurred on active volcanoes within the last 12,000 years. In the northern part of the arc, flank collapses are repetitive, do not exceed 1 km 3 in volume, occur in all directions, and are promoted by intense hydrothermal alteration and well-developed fracturing of the summit part of the edifices. In contrast, infrequent but large sector collapses, with volumes up to tens of km 3 , are typical of the southern volcanoes. They are always directed to the west as a result of the high overall slopes of the islands toward the deep back-arc Grenada Basin. Because Caribbean islands are small, a large part of the resulting debris avalanches have flowed into the sea thus contributing voluminous and sudden inputs of volcaniclastic sediments to the Grenada Basin. Deposits from such submarine flows have been identified during the recent AGUADOMAR and CARAVAL oceanographic cruises and traced to their source structures on land. Edifice collapses have a major influence on subsequent volcanic activity but also are of high concern because of their tsunamigenic potential

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Section: Islands Of the Southern Part Of The Arcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcano flank instability in the Lesser Antilles Arc: Diversity of scale, processes, and temporal recurrence

Boudon¹,

Friant²,

Komorowski³

et al. 2007

J. Geophys. Res.

150

196

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Petrological evidence (e.g., reverse‐zoned phenocrysts) indicate that magma recharge and mixing is a common process at Saba and St. Kitts (Baker et al, ; Toothill et al, ), which following the model of Koleszar et al (), suggests that the characteristics of magma recharge and mixing have been constant for the northern islands, thus inhibiting the potential for large explosive eruptions and maintaining low explosivity behavior. The central and southern islands display similar activity to the northern islands, but with Plinian eruptions identified at La Soufriere, Guadeloupe (Komorowski et al, ), Morne Diablotins and Morne Trois Pitons‐Microtrin, Dominica (Boudon et al, ), Mont Pelée, Martinique (Roobol & Smith, ; Westercamp & Traineau, ), Qualibou, St Lucia (Wohletz et al, ), and Soufrière, St Vincent (Rowley, ; Wright et al, ), more akin to the Centre Hills volcanism (Coussens et al, ). In Dominica, mafic enclaves are present in lavas from multiple volcanic centers but are notably absent from pumiceous deposits (Howe et al, ), further supporting a link between magma recharge and mixing and eruption explosivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

The Evolution of the Silver Hills Volcanic Center, and Revised ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar Geochronology of Montserrat, Lesser Antilles, With Implications for Island Arc Volcanism

Hatter

Palmer

Gernon

et al. 2018

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Studying the older volcanic centers on Montserrat, Centre Hills and Silver Hills, may reveal how volcanic activity can change over long time periods (≥1 Myr), and whether the recent activity at the Soufrière Hills is typical of volcanism throughout Montserrat's history. Here we present the first detailed mapping of the Silver Hills, the oldest and arguably least studied volcanic center on Montserrat. Volcanism at the Silver Hills was dominated by episodic andesite lava dome growth and collapse, produced Vulcanian style eruptions, and experienced periodic sector collapse events, similar to the style of volcanic activity that has been documented for the Centre Hills and Soufrière Hills. We also present an updated geochronology of volcanism on Montserrat, by revising existing ages and obtaining new 40Ar/39Ar dates and paleomagnetic ages from marine tephra layers. We show that the centers of the Silver, Centre, and Soufrière Hills were active during at least ∼2.17–1.03 Ma, ∼1.14–0.38 Ma, and ∼0.45 Ma to present, respectively. Combined with timings of volcanism on Basse‐Terre, Guadeloupe, these ages suggest that ∼0.5–1 Ma is a common lifespan for volcanic centers in the Lesser Antilles. These new dates identify a previously unrecognized overlap in activity between the different volcanic centers, which appears to be a common phenomenon in island arcs. We also identify an older stage of Soufrière Hills activity ∼450–290 ka characterized by the eruption of hornblende‐orthopyroxene‐phyric lavas, demonstrating that the petrology of the Soufrière Hills eruptive products has changed at least twice throughout the volcano's development.

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“…In this context, Holocene volcanic products from this volcano are good examples to understand interactions between magma and a hydrothermal system. In this study, we carried out petrological observation on ash particles to document hydrothermal mineral assemblage and overprinting relationship (e.g., veinlets, alteration type) referring the fossil and active geothermal systems at the stratovolcanoes worldwide (e.g., Hedenquist and Henley, 1985;Wohletz and Heiken, 1992;Hedenquist and Taran, 2013). We also performed sulfur isotopic analysis to understand formation conditions of sulfate and sul de, contribution of magma to the eruptions, and magma-hydrothermal interaction in the subvolcanic hydrothermal system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring magmatic gas and subvolcanic hydrothermal system interactions: Mineralogy and sulfur isotope characteristics of the Holocene volcanic products at Mt. Tangkuban Parahu, Indonesia.

Angkasa

Ohba

Imura

et al. 2021

Preprint

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A subvolcanic-hydrothermal system involves complex interaction between magma, magmatic fluids, and hydrothermal system at stratovolcanoes in subduction setting. These interactions are responsible for magmatic-hydrothermal eruption associated with rapid injection of magmatic gas into hydrothermal system at a certain depth of volcanic edifice. However, capturing these interactions is challenging due to inaccessibility to the crater conduit within the edifice. Therefore, we selected a method to analyze the volcanic products from several episodic phreatic and phreatomagmatic eruptions during the Holocene at Tangkuban Parahu, Indonesia. In this context, Holocene volcanic products are one of the best examples to understand an interplay between magma, magmatic fluids, and hydrothermal system in producing violent eruptions. In this study, we carried out petrological and sulfur isotope analysis only for the hydrothermally altered lithic ash particles, a part of proximal volcanic products. Mineral assemblages mostly exhibit a typical acid-sulfate and advanced argillic alteration, consisting of alunite, kaolinite, and silica minerals. Acid-sulfate and advanced argillic alteration indicates that those mineral assemblages were formed under the formation temperature ranging from ~100 to ~260 . The calculated temperature from sulfur isotopic fractionation of sulfate-sulfide shows 230-240 , which is almost identical with assigned temperature from mineral assemblages. Sulfur isotope and jarosite occurrence indicate the supergene alteration associated with oxygen entrainment to the hydrothermal system that oxidize pyrite to jarosite. Sulfur isotopic variation throughout the studied stratigraphy represents influx of magmatic gas to the hydrothermal system. Moreover, zoned P-bearing alunite represents repetitive injection of magmatic gas to the active acidic hydrothermal system, which also indicates the magmatic-hydrothermal interaction below the crater. Occurrence of enargite and chalcopyrite represents the nature of upper-level high sulfidation system at shallow volcanic edifice of the Tangkuban Parahu volcano. Furthermore, we showed that coupled petrological and sulfur isotope analysis has paramount importance to evaluate the conditions of the subvolcanic hydrothermal system, magmatic-hydrothermal interaction, and the origin of steam-blast eruptions at volcanoes that contain subvolcanic-hydrothermal systems.

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The Qualibou caldera, St. Lucia, West Indies

Cited by 40 publications

References 11 publications

Volcano flank instability in the Lesser Antilles Arc: Diversity of scale, processes, and temporal recurrence

Volcano flank instability in the Lesser Antilles Arc: Diversity of scale, processes, and temporal recurrence

The Evolution of the Silver Hills Volcanic Center, and Revised ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar Geochronology of Montserrat, Lesser Antilles, With Implications for Island Arc Volcanism

Exploring magmatic gas and subvolcanic hydrothermal system interactions: Mineralogy and sulfur isotope characteristics of the Holocene volcanic products at Mt. Tangkuban Parahu, Indonesia.

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The Qualibou caldera, St. Lucia, West Indies

Cited by 40 publications

References 11 publications

Volcano flank instability in the Lesser Antilles Arc: Diversity of scale, processes, and temporal recurrence

Volcano flank instability in the Lesser Antilles Arc: Diversity of scale, processes, and temporal recurrence

The Evolution of the Silver Hills Volcanic Center, and Revised 40Ar/39Ar Geochronology of Montserrat, Lesser Antilles, With Implications for Island Arc Volcanism

Exploring magmatic gas and subvolcanic hydrothermal system interactions: Mineralogy and sulfur isotope characteristics of the Holocene volcanic products at Mt. Tangkuban Parahu, Indonesia.

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The Evolution of the Silver Hills Volcanic Center, and Revised ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar Geochronology of Montserrat, Lesser Antilles, With Implications for Island Arc Volcanism