The pyrolysis of waste mandarin residue using thermogravimetric analysis and a batch reactor

Abstract

A study on the pyrolysis of waste mandarin residue, with the aim of producing bio-oil, is reported. To elucidate the thermodynamics and temperature-dependency of the pyrolysis reaction of waste mandarin residue, the activation energy was obtained by thermogravimetric analysis. Mass loss occurred within the temperature range 200-750 o C, and the average activation energy was calculated to be 205.5 kJ/mol. Pyrolysis experiments were performed using a batch reactor, under different conditions, by varying the carrier gas flow rate and temperature. When the carrier gas flow rate was increased from 15 to 30 and finally to 50 ml/min, the oil yield slightly increased. Experiments performed within the temperature range 400-800 o C showed the highest oil yield (38.16 wt%) at 500 o C. The moisture content in the bio-oil increased from 35 to 45% as the temperature increased from 400 to 800 o C, which also resulted in reduction of the oxygenates content and increase in the phenolics and aromatics content, indicating that temperature is an important operating parameter influencing the yield and composition of bio-oil.

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Miscanthus and Random Polypropylene over SAPO-11

“…The difference between the original mass and the remaining mass was considered to be the fixed carbon content; the remaining mass was regarded as the ash content. 10 Preparation of Catalysts. SAPO-11 catalyst was purchased from Tianjin Chemist Scientific Ltd.…”

“…Three different heating rates, 20, 30 and 40 o C/min, were used to determine the activation energy. The reader can refer to a previous study 10 for more detailed information.…”

“…The mass reduction observed at 200~350 o C was attributed to the decomposition of hemicellulose, 10,12 whereas the mass reduction observed at 3503 80 o C was due to the decomposition of cellulose. 10,12 Compared to the regular crystal-shaped linkage between cellulose polymers, the linkage between hemicellulose polymers is weak because hemicellulose is a heterogeneous polysaccharide. Lignin begins to decompose slowly over a wide temperature range of 200~600 o C because it is a polymer with a complex structure requiring high temperatures for complete decomposition.…”

“…10 In this study, the Friedman method, which is an iso-conversional method, was used to determine the activation energy. eq.…”

Fast pyrolysis of Medium-Density Fiberboard Using a Fluidized Bed Reactor

“…Biomass is regarded as a renewable energy resource because it is carbon-neutral; the carbon that it contains stems from the photosynthesis of plants (assimilation of carbon dioxide in air). Among other renewable energy resources, biomass has received particularly significant attention because it can be used not only for producing energy but also for producing solid, liquid and gaseous fuels [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In addition, biomass can be used even for producing chemical feedstock materials for the petrochemical industry, which cannot be achieved from any other renewable energy sources.…”