The pyrolysis of scrap automotive tyres

Williams, Paul T.; Beşler, Serpil; Taylor, David T.

doi:10.1016/0016-2361(90)90193-t

Cited by 355 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In this procedure sulphur is added to form crosslinks between the polymer chains. In order to endow the rubber with superior mechanical properties [9,20].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This result is attributed to the higher oxygen contents of RF and the coal (see Table 2). The band at 1600 cm -1 indicates the presence of the aromatic C=C bond which is present in all the spectra together with those at 1455 and 1375 cm -1 corresponding to bending vibrations in methyl and methylene groups [6,9,27].…”

Section: Ftir Analysis Of Pyrolysis Oilsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This study focussed on the bands which correspond to various oxygenated and nitrogenated functionalities together with C-H stretching in aromatic and aliphatic compounds and C=C bonds in aromatic compounds [3,9,20,[27][28][29].…”

Section: Ftir Analysis Of Pyrolysis Oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Styrene butadiene (SBR), polybutadiene (BR), nitrile (NiR) and chloroprene rubbers together with natural rubber (NR) are the main constituents of tyre crumbs [5,[7][8][9]. Their chemical structure with aromatic and aliphatic constituents plays an important role in determining the composition of the oils derived from tyre crumbs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fuel-oils from co-pyrolysis of scrap tyres with coal and a bituminous waste. Influence of oven configuration

Acevedo

Barriocanal

2014

Fuel

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“…In this procedure sulphur is added to form crosslinks between the polymer chains. In order to endow the rubber with superior mechanical properties [9,20].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ftir Analysis Of Pyrolysis Oilsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Ftir Analysis Of Pyrolysis Oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fuel-oils from co-pyrolysis of scrap tyres with coal and a bituminous waste. Influence of oven configuration

Acevedo

Barriocanal

2014

Fuel

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“…Pyrolysis of scrap tyres was the first approach and the derived products are said to be relatively easily handled and transported for use in remote plants [9]. The pyrolysis products can also be used in situ as fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen from scrap tyre oil via steam reforming and chemical looping in a packed bed reactor

Giannakeas

Lea‐Langton

Dupont

et al. 2012

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

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The production of hydrogen from scrap tyre pyrolysis oil (STPO) was investigated using catalytic steam reforming. STPO is difficult to upgrade to cleaner fuels due to its high sulphur content, complex organic composition, high acidity and viscosity, which contribute to catalyst deactivation. The effects of temperature and steam to carbon ratio were investigated through thermodynamic equilibrium calculations of the main aromatic, aliphatic and hetero -N and -S compounds known to be present in STPO. The optimum operating conditions in a packed bed reactor with a Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalyst at atmospheric pressure and molar steam to carbon ratio of 4:1 were 750 °C at a WHSV of 0.82 h -1 . The maximum hydrogen yield was 26.4 wt% of the STPO feedstock, corresponding to 67% of the maximum theoretical yield, compared to 79.4 % predicted at equilibrium for a model mixture of 22 STPO compounds in the same conditions. The selectivity to the H-containing products was 98% H 2 and 2% CH 4 respectively, indicating little undesirable by-product formation, and comparable to equilibrium values. The potential to optimize the process to enhance further the H 2 yield was explored via feasibility tests of chemical looping reforming (CLR) aimed at lowering the heating and purification costs of the hydrogen production from STPO. However, the hydrogen yield decreased with each cycle of CLR. Analysis of the catalyst indicated this was most likely due to deactivation by carbon accumulation and sulphur originally present in the oil, and possibly also by trace elements (Ca, Na). The NiO particles in the catalyst were also shown to have grown after CLR of STPO. Hence further development would require pretreating the oil for removal of sulphur, and use of a catalyst more tolerant to carbon formation. IntroductionThe production of hydrogen from sustainable resources and waste materials as alternatives to fossil fuels present many challenges. This is especially so when the materials , and this has high environmental impact, particularly due to fire hazards.In comparison with wastes such as paper, glass and plastics, tyres are not an "easy"waste to treat because of their size and shape characteristics [3]. There are various options for re-using the materials present in scrap tyre including retreading, shredding and grinding, energy recovery, pyrolysis and gasification [4]. Currently there are ca. 3000 manufacturers of tyre pyrolysis plants which produce carbon black. Recycling scrap tyres via a thermochemical process is suitable due to the low ash content and the higher heating value of tyres compared to coal or biomass. The high production volume of scrap tyres creates the need to find alternative waste management methods. Grinding and shredding produce rubber for applications such as carpets, sports facilities, or playgrounds [5]. Highway construction is a significant area of using scrap tyres and especially in asphalt modified with rubber produced from waste tires [6]. Eldin and Senouci [7] investigated the modification of concrete by repl...

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The Conversion of Waste Plastics/Petroleum Residue Mixtures to Transportation Fuels

Ali

Siddiqui

2006

Feedstock Recycling and Pyrolysis of Waste Plastics

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The pyrolysis of scrap automotive tyres

Cited by 355 publications

References 7 publications

Fuel-oils from co-pyrolysis of scrap tyres with coal and a bituminous waste. Influence of oven configuration

Fuel-oils from co-pyrolysis of scrap tyres with coal and a bituminous waste. Influence of oven configuration

Hydrogen from scrap tyre oil via steam reforming and chemical looping in a packed bed reactor

The Conversion of Waste Plastics/Petroleum Residue Mixtures to Transportation Fuels

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