The pyrolysis of organic nitriles

Metcalfe, E.; Booth, D. C.; McAndrew, H.; Wooley, W. D.

doi:10.1002/fam.810070406

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The yield of HCN was found to increase with temperature, with almost quantitative yields (ca. 94%) reported in the shock tube studies, while lower yields were reported in the flow pyrolysis studies [68% (Chaigneau 1977) and 90% estimated (Metcalfe et al 1983)]. The reaction pathways for the primary products are shown below:…”

Section: Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The pyrolysis of acetonitrile (CH 3 CN) has been studied in a tubular flow reactor from 447 to 760°C in nitrogen (Metcalfe et al 1983), in a stirred-flow reactor from 880 to 960°C in helium (Asmus and Houser 1969), and in a shock tube from 1027 to 1827°C in argon with residence times of 0.7-1.7 ms (Lifshitz, Moran, and Bidani 1987;Ikeda and Mackie 1996). In all the studies, the major products from the pyrolysis of acetonitrile were hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and methane (CH 4 ).…”

Section: Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smaller quantities of ethylene, acetylene, and acrylonitrile were reported in addition to trace quantities of cyanogen, ethane, diacetylene, furmaronitriles, dicyanomethane, and cyanoacetylene at high temperatures (>1000°C) (Ikeda and Mackie 1996). Pyrolysis at lower temperatures (i.e., <1000°C) also produced nitrogen-containing polymeric residue, which reduced the yield of HCN (Metcalfe et al 1983). The Arrhenius parameters for the decomposition of acetonitrile based on two sets of data are log k (s 1 ) = 8.73 -56.4/θ, where θ = 2.303RT in kcal mol 1 (Metcalfe et al 1983;Asmus and Houser 1969).…”

Section: Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pyrolysis at lower temperatures (i.e., <1000°C) also produced nitrogen-containing polymeric residue, which reduced the yield of HCN (Metcalfe et al 1983). The Arrhenius parameters for the decomposition of acetonitrile based on two sets of data are log k (s 1 ) = 8.73 -56.4/θ, where θ = 2.303RT in kcal mol 1 (Metcalfe et al 1983;Asmus and Houser 1969). The yield of HCN was found to increase with temperature, with almost quantitative yields (ca.…”

Section: Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pyrolysis and Combustion of Acetonitrile (CH{sub 3}CN)

Britt¹

2002

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Section: Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pyrolysis and Combustion of Acetonitrile (CH{sub 3}CN)

Britt¹

2002

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“…They found that these compounds were at least in part reacted to yield nitrogen oxides and molecular nitrogen. Metcalfe et al [32][33][34][35] studied the pyrolysis of several nitriles and para-toluene isocyanate to establish mechanisms for the generation of hydrogen cyanide. Chambers and Reese [36][37][38] studied the thermal decomposition of polyurethanes.…”

Section: Small Scale Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity Assessment Of Products Of Combustion Of Flexible Polyurethane Foam

Beyler¹

2005

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Eigth International Sy

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The scientific literature on the toxicity of products of combustion of flexible polyurethane foam is reviewed to assess its potential for use in toxic hazard analysis. Combustion modes examined include pyrolysis/thermal decomposition, smoldering, and open flaming, and under ventilated flaming combustion.The body of work indicates that victims exposed to products of combustion from flaming polyurethane will result in %COHb's generally consistent with simple CO exposure, despite the clear toxicological role of HCN. The N-gas fractional effective dose methodology for asphyxiant gases is an appropriate methodology for prediction of incapacitation due to exposure to products of combustion from flaming polyurethane.Conversely, there is significant scientific evidence that smoldering polyurethane foam produces as yet unidentified toxic species that results in deaths during the exposure and that the N-gas fractional effective dose methodology is not appropriate for smoldering combustion. Pyrolysis/thermal decomposition results in post-exposure deaths, consistent with irritant gases. The N-gas model is also not appropriate for pyrolysis/thermal decomposition.There are significant limitations in the experimental methods available that have had a negative impact on the study of toxic hazards. Adsorption and transport of toxicants on smoke particles, loss of toxicants to walls, and more chemically complex toxicants tend to be little studied or considered. There is a need to encourage more sophisticated chemical and physical analysis of fire effluents for complex toxic organic species. It can be argued that there is still a place for animal models when analytical methods and our mechanistic understanding of toxicology of complex organic species are lacking.

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Synergic Exfoliation of Graphene with Organic Molecules and Inorganic Ions for the Electrochemical Production of Flexible Electrodes

et al. 2014

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A facile and efficient method based on electrochemistry for the production of graphene‐based materials for electronics is demonstrated. Uncharged acetonitrile molecules are intercalated in graphite by electrochemical treatment, owing to the synergic action of perchlorate ions dissolved in acetonitrile. Then, acetonitrile molecules are decomposed with microwave irradiation, which causes gas production and rapid graphite exfoliation, with an increase in the graphite volume of up to 600 %. Upon further processing and purification, highly dispersible nanosheets are obtained that can be processed into thin layers by roll‐to‐roll transfer or into thicker electrodes with excellent capacitance stability upon extensive charging/discharging cycles. The good exfoliation yield (>50 % of monolayers), minimal oxidation damage and good electrochemical stability of the nanosheets obtained were confirmed by scanning force and electron microscopy, as well as Raman spectroscopy and galvanostatic analyses.

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The pyrolysis of organic nitriles

Cited by 23 publications

References 24 publications

Pyrolysis and Combustion of Acetonitrile (CH{sub 3}CN)

Pyrolysis and Combustion of Acetonitrile (CH{sub 3}CN)

Toxicity Assessment Of Products Of Combustion Of Flexible Polyurethane Foam

Synergic Exfoliation of Graphene with Organic Molecules and Inorganic Ions for the Electrochemical Production of Flexible Electrodes

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