The puzzle of two terms for red in Hungarian

Uusküla, Mari; Sutrop, Urmas; Wohlgemuth, Jan; Cysouw, Michael

doi:10.1515/9783110228557.359

Cited by 5 publications

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“…As a consequence of these improvements and the power of the proposed hierarchy, we must affirm that it is still a very accepted and widely used theory for research related to colors in languages. For this reason, in recent years, we can see studies on the functioning or application of this hierarchy in a specific language such as Czech 4 or Hungarian 5 or in general in linguistic families such as the Slavic languages 42 . There are also authors who have opted to extend the methodology proposed in the World Color Survey to languages that had not been included in that study, 7 with a dialectal detailing with differences in the coding of the basic colors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifying basic colors' salience from cross‐linguistic corpora

Brosa‐Rodríguez,

Jiménez‐López

2023

Color Research & Application

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A corpus‐based quantitative assessment of Berlin and Kay's proposal is presented. We refine the Basic Color Terms hierarchy proposed by Berlin and Kay, through the concept of salience. A cross‐linguistic study with 57 different languages and 136 different linguistic corpora has been conducted. This study uses KonText tool and the corpora included in it. The color labels in different languages have been obtained using a unified methodology from PanLex. We have obtained an individual hierarchy for each of the languages analyzed, as well as a general hierarchy that captures the universal trend. Results show that there is a close relationship between the evolutionary stages in the Berlin and Kay proposal and their frequency in our corpora study, which we could also relate to Zipf's Law. The only color that we certify behaves differently compared to such a proposal is yellow. The main advantage of our approach compared to previous corpora studies is taking into account the anglocentric bias by using a representative typological set of different languages from the world.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of those studies focus their attention in single languages. [3][4][5] The use of questionnaires is the most frequent technique used in this literature. 6,7 Important advances in this field have been achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying basic colors' salience from cross‐linguistic corpora

Brosa‐Rodríguez,

Jiménez‐López

2023

Color Research & Application

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“…Some languages are reported to have more than 11 BCTs. Known examples are languages with two BCTs for blue, such as Russian: sinij “dark blue” and goluboj “light blue”, 4,5 Turkish: mavi for “blue” and lacivert for “dark blue”, 6 or Thai: nam‐ngoen “dark blue” and fa “sky/light blue” 7 ; or languages such as Hungarian, which has two BCTs for red: piros “light red” and vörös “dark red” (Papp 8 ; but see Uusküla and Sutrop, 9,10 for an opposite view). The first objective of our study is thus to determine the exact number of BCTs in Mandarin and Spanish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of basic color terms in Mandarin and Spanish

Zhu²,

Benítez‐Burraco

2023

Color Research & Application

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Basic perceptual abilities are universal, and most people can distinguish between millions of distinct shades. However, languages differ in the set of basic color terms (BCTs) they have. Despite numerous prior studies, the exact number of BCTs in Mandarin (Sino‐Tibetan) and Spanish (Indo‐European) is still debated. In Mandarin, this number varies from 6 to 11, whereas in Spanish there are about 11 or 12 BCTs. Additionally, differences between these two languages can be expected with regard to the differing usage of BCTs in reference to color, as well as the naming strategies used for specifying references. To clarify this, we recruited a group of Mainland Mandarin speakers and a group of Castilian Spanish speakers and assessed them in two related tasks: the list task, in which participants were asked to write down as many color names as they could recall; and the color‐naming task, in which they were asked to name color chips from the Munsell color chart that were presented randomly. Our results suggest that Mandarin has nine BCTs, while Spanish has 12 BCTs. Furthermore, we found that Mandarin speakers use more modified terms and compounds to achieve precise color reference, whereas Spanish speakers rely more on monomorphemic non‐basic terms. Finally, we observed that Mandarin speakers use some colors (gray, blue, and purple) less consistently; although, the color space is partitioned similarly by these two languages. Our results reinforce the view that there are universal constraints on color naming that are compatible with subtle cross‐cultural differences in how colors are used.

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“…Since Berlin and Kay's assertion concerning the piros-vörös duality in their famous work (i.e. that piros is primary while vörös is possibly a secondary color term, see 1991:35-36), many researchers have focused on how to define the interrelationship between piros and vörös (Maclaury et al 1997;Kiss -Forbes 2001;Kiss 2004;Uusküla -Sutrop 2010;Uusküla 2011;Benczes -Tóth-Czifra 2014;Földvári 2015;Tóth-Czifra -Benczes 2016;Grossmann 2016;Szitó 2020).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…She graduated with honors as an ethnographer in 2008, then continued her studies at the university's Interdisciplinary Doctoral School. Between 2006 and2011, her fieldwork focused on local color classification and color terms in various Hungarian-speaking regions. Between 2013 and 2020, she held a junior scholarship at the Institute of Ethnology of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences' Research Center for the Humanities.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Historical Change in the Role of the Two Hungarian Words for Red (Piros and Vörös) and Their Visual Semantics

Bálizs

2020

AEthn

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The present study summarizes the key findings of a multi-year interdisciplinary investigation, performed using specific (ethnographic, anthropological, and linguistic) research methods, into the two color terms mentioned in the title. Originally intended as empirical research involving all Hungarian color terms and individual community-dependent relationships with colors, it was eventually supplemented by a text-based examination of the history of the color terms piros and veres/vörös. A further objective was to answer questions raised in the course of international research concerning the reason for the existence of two color terms with similar meanings in the Hungarian language to denote the red color range. Earlier studies had already suggested that the modern use of vörös, which has more ancient roots in the Hungarian language, may be related to the fact that this color term was previously used more extensively. However, the present research is unique in demonstrating the substantial changes that have taken place in the Hungarian language in relation to the role and meaning of these color terms. It has already been established that the two color terms switched places historically, and that piros today fulfills precisely the same function that for centuries belonged to veres/vörös, until the color term piros began to gain ground in the 19th century.

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The puzzle of two terms for red in Hungarian

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Quantifying basic colors' salience from cross‐linguistic corpora

Quantifying basic colors' salience from cross‐linguistic corpora

A comparison of basic color terms in Mandarin and Spanish

The Historical Change in the Role of the Two Hungarian Words for Red (Piros and Vörös) and Their Visual Semantics

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