The Pure Rotational Spectra of TiO(X3Δ) and TiN(X2Σ+)

Namiki, Kei-ichi; Saito, Shuji; Robinson, J.; Steimle, Timothy C.

doi:10.1006/jmsp.1998.7634

Cited by 54 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In addition, six hyperfine components F + 1 « F were usually recorded for 47 TiO for each Ω component, and eight such lines for 49 TiO. No evidence of Λ-doubling was observed in any spectra, although this splitting has been reported in the two lowest energy transitions of the Ω=1 component of the main isotopologue by Namiki et al (1998); the lambda-doubling was extremely small (4-10 kHz) and would be expected to be even smaller in the other spin-orbit ladders (Brown and Carrington 2003). In total, 387 individual lines were measured and included in the final analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Because there were no estimates of spectroscopic parameters for the four less abundant isotopologues of titanium oxide, transition frequencies were predicted from rotational constants scaled from those of 48 TiO (Namiki et al 1998). The initial search for the 46 Ti, 47 Ti, 49 Ti, and 50 Ti isotopologues of TiO was conducted with the FTmmW system.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shortly thereafter, Barnes et al (1996) measured the A-X band with double-resonance LIF, and partially resolved hyperfine splittings in 47 TiO and 49 TiO. In addition, the pure rotational spectrum of 48 TiO has been measured using pump/probe microwave optical doubleresonance techniques by Namiki et al (1998), who established a precise set of rotational constants for the main isotopologue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MILLIMETER/SUBMILLIMETER SPECTROSCOPY OF TiO (X³Δ_r): THE RARE TITANIUM ISOTOPOLOGUES

Lincowski

Halfen

Ziurys

2016

ApJ

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Pure rotational spectra of the rare isotopologues of titanium oxide, 46 TiO, 47 TiO, 49 TiO, and 50 TiO, have been recorded using a combination of Fourier transform millimeter-wave (FTmmW) and millimeter/submillimeter direct absorption techniques in the frequency range 62-538 GHz. This study is the first complete spectroscopic characterization of these species in their X 3 Δ r ground electronic states. The isotopologues were created by the reaction of N 2 O or O 2 and titanium vapor, produced either by laser ablation or in a Broida-type oven, and observed in the natural Ti isotopic abundances. Between 10 and 11 rotational transitions J + 1 « J were measured for each species, typically in all 3 spin-orbit ladders Ω=1, 2, and 3. For 47 TiO and 49 TiO, hyperfine structure was resolved, originating from the titanium-47 and titanium-49 nuclear spins of I=5/2 and 7/2, respectively. For the Ω=1 and 3 components, the hyperfine structure was found to follow a classic Landé pattern, while that for Ω=2 appeared to be perturbed, likely a result of mixing with the nearby isoconfigurational a 1 Δ state. The spectra were analyzed with a case (a) Hamiltonian, and rotational, spin-orbit, and spin-spin parameters were determined for each species, as well as magnetic hyperfine and electric quadrupole constants for the two molecules with nuclear spins. The most abundant species, 48 TiO, has been detected in circumstellar envelopes. These measurements will enable other titanium isotopologues to be studied at millimeter wavelengths, providing Ti isotope ratios that can test models of nucleosynthesis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MILLIMETER/SUBMILLIMETER SPECTROSCOPY OF TiO (X³Δ_r): THE RARE TITANIUM ISOTOPOLOGUES

Lincowski

Halfen

Ziurys

2016

ApJ

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“…The rotational spectrum of TiO had been measured to high accuracy in the laboratory by Namiki et al (1988) and the dipole moment was measured recently (μ = 3.34 D; Steimle & Virgo 2003). Starting with the J = 3 → 2 transition, roughly every 32 GHz there is a rotational transition (J → J) separated by 3-4 GHz from the corresponding transition in the next lower or higher fine structure component.…”

Section: Tio In the Sma Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rotational spectrum of TiO was measured in the laboratory many years ago (Namiki et al 1988), and the essential laboratory spectroscopic measurements needed to identify TiO 2 at optical and radio wavelengths were reported more recently. The rotational spectrum of TiO 2 was first observed in the laboratory when Brünken et al (2008) measured 13 transitions to high accuracy in the centimeter band.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pure rotational spectra of TiO and TiO₂in VY Canis Majoris

Kamiński

Gottlieb

Menten

et al. 2013

A&A

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We report the first detection of pure rotational transitions of TiO and TiO 2 at (sub-)millimeter wavelengths towards the red supergiant VY CMa. A rotational temperature, T rot , of about 250 K was derived for TiO 2 . Although T rot was not well constrained for TiO, it is likely somewhat higher than that of TiO 2 . The detection of the Ti oxides confirms that they are formed in the circumstellar envelopes of cool oxygen-rich stars and may be the "seeds" of inorganic-dust formation, but alternative explanations for our observation of TiO and TiO 2 in the cooler regions of the envelope cannot be ruled out at this time. The observations suggest that a significant fraction of the oxides is not converted to dust, but instead remains in the gas phase throughout the outflow.

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Millimeter- and Submillimeter-Wave Spectra of CuF and AgF in the X1Σ+ Electronic Ground States

Ohteki

Yamazaki

Honda

et al. 2001

Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy

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The Pure Rotational Spectra of TiO(X3Δ) and TiN(X2Σ+)

Cited by 54 publications

References 26 publications

MILLIMETER/SUBMILLIMETER SPECTROSCOPY OF TiO (X³Δ_r): THE RARE TITANIUM ISOTOPOLOGUES

MILLIMETER/SUBMILLIMETER SPECTROSCOPY OF TiO (X³Δ_r): THE RARE TITANIUM ISOTOPOLOGUES

Pure rotational spectra of TiO and TiO₂in VY Canis Majoris

Millimeter- and Submillimeter-Wave Spectra of CuF and AgF in the X1Σ+ Electronic Ground States

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The Pure Rotational Spectra of TiO(X3Δ) and TiN(X2Σ+)

Cited by 54 publications

References 26 publications

MILLIMETER/SUBMILLIMETER SPECTROSCOPY OF TiO (X3Δr): THE RARE TITANIUM ISOTOPOLOGUES

MILLIMETER/SUBMILLIMETER SPECTROSCOPY OF TiO (X3Δr): THE RARE TITANIUM ISOTOPOLOGUES

Pure rotational spectra of TiO and TiO2in VY Canis Majoris

Millimeter- and Submillimeter-Wave Spectra of CuF and AgF in the X1Σ+ Electronic Ground States

Contact Info

Product

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About

MILLIMETER/SUBMILLIMETER SPECTROSCOPY OF TiO (X³Δ_r): THE RARE TITANIUM ISOTOPOLOGUES

MILLIMETER/SUBMILLIMETER SPECTROSCOPY OF TiO (X³Δ_r): THE RARE TITANIUM ISOTOPOLOGUES

Pure rotational spectra of TiO and TiO₂in VY Canis Majoris