The Puraq seawater desalination process — An update

Lazare, Leon

doi:10.1016/0011-9164(92)80016-3

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The existence of an LL boundary provides an added potential for water selective solvent extraction. [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] To account for the phenomenon of liquid phase separation in the conceptual models, solubility limits were imposed for the aqueous phase in eqn (1) to describe a partially-miscible organic solvent, thereby superimposing a liquid-liquid phase equilibria Fig. 5 Ternary phase diagrams examining the aqueous-rich phase of water-NaCl-MOS for: (A) DMF when plotted monomolecularly and as a dimer; and (B) alcohols, acetone and MOS that exhibited a LL boundary in addition to a LS boundary.…”

Section: Ideal Mos-driven Fp Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The organic phase will selectively extract water from a brine inducing further precipitation of a salt. This water-selective extraction [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] is a mechanism distinct from FP. Several conceptual and mathematical models have been developed to describe FP, but those models ignore these distinct mechanisms, thereby oversimplifying the process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solute displacement in the aqueous phase of water–NaCl–organic ternary mixtures relevant to solvent-driven water treatment

et al. 2020

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Section: Ideal Mos-driven Fp Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solute displacement in the aqueous phase of water–NaCl–organic ternary mixtures relevant to solvent-driven water treatment

et al. 2020

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“…The Puraq process for desalination is a liquid-liquid extraction scheme utilizing polyglycol terpolymers with block configurations [115,116]. The scheme involves contacting salt water with the solvent to form two phases, a polymer phase containing dissolved water, and an aqueous phase in which the polymer is insoluble.…”

Section: Liquid-liquid Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the lower temperature operation, and lack of an evaporation step, the process is expected to be more thermally efficient than a distillation process. Published cost estimates for the process range from $0.28/m 3 for a system closely coupled to a power generator, to $0.43/m 3 for a stand alone system [116]. These figures have not been verified by a pilot or full scale facility, and appear to be overly optimistic.…”

Section: Liquid-liquid Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Water Resources and Desalination Technologies

Miller¹

2003

200

148

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Water shortages affect 88 developing countries that are home to half of the world's population. In these places, 80-90% of all diseases and 30% of all deaths result from poor water quality. Furthermore, over the next 25 years, the number of people affected by severe water shortages is expected to increase fourfold. Low cost methods to desalinate brackish water and sea water can help reverse this destabilizing trend. Desalination has now been practiced on a large scale for more than 50 years. During this time continual improvements have been made, and the major technologies are now remarkably efficient, reliable, and inexpensive. For many years, thermal technologies were the only viable option, and multi-stage flash (MSF) was established as the baseline technology. Multieffect evaporation (MEE) is now the state-of-the-art thermal technology, but has not been widely implemented. With the growth of membrane science, reverse osmosis (RO) overtook MSF as the leading desalination technology, and should be considered the baseline technology. Presently, RO of seawater can be accomplished with an energy expenditure in the range of 11-60 kJ/kg at a cost of $2 to $4 per 1000 gallons. The theoretical minimum energy expenditure is 3-7 kJ/kg. Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS.

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“…18 Lazare established a pilot plan using a technology combining liquid-liquid extraction and membranes, 19,20 and estimated a cost of 1 dollar per 1000 gallons of fresh production. 21 This process, however, still rely on the use of membranes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directional solvent for membrane-free water desalination—A molecular level study

Luo

Bajpayee

Chen

2011

Journal of Applied Physics

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Development of desalination technologies has been identified as vital to fulfilling future water demand. In this paper, we use molecular simulation to demonstrate that decanoic acid can dissolve water but reject salt, and itself is insoluble in water. We have recently demonstrated that the directional properties of decanoic acid together with the temperature dependence of water solubility in decanoic acid can be utilized to design a desalination process which extracts water molecules, using the decanoic acid as a directional solvent, from saline source at a higher-than-ambient temperature, and precipitate out the water from the solvent at a lower temperature to recover pure water. Such a desalination process is membrane-free and can make use of low temperature heat sources. Solubility properties between water and decanoic acid are characterized through free energy calculations, and water-decanoic acid interdiffusion processes are studied by molecular dynamics simulations. This work also exemplifies an approach to characterize other possible directional solvents. V

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The Puraq seawater desalination process — An update

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Solute displacement in the aqueous phase of water–NaCl–organic ternary mixtures relevant to solvent-driven water treatment

Solute displacement in the aqueous phase of water–NaCl–organic ternary mixtures relevant to solvent-driven water treatment

Review of Water Resources and Desalination Technologies

Directional solvent for membrane-free water desalination—A molecular level study

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