The pulmonary veins

Meandering pulmonary veins with a common inferior trunk: an anomalous left inferior pulmonary vein entering an anomalous right inferior pulmonary vein

“…As a result, a partial anomalous pulmonary connection occurs. 3,8,15 The etiology of the meandering pulmonary vein is unknown. To account for the anomalous course of the oxygen saturation and blood gas analyses were normal, and there was no evidence of a congenital or acquired heart disease or other minor anomalies.…”

“…14,15 If the dilatation of the common pulmonary vein occurs as a result of stenosis of the opening of the common pulmonary vein into the left atrium, an accessory preatrial chamber persists in the form of a cor triatriatum. 15 An anomalous development of the atrial septum or failure of the common pulmonary vein to develop can result in a total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.…”

“…14,15 If the dilatation of the common pulmonary vein occurs as a result of stenosis of the opening of the common pulmonary vein into the left atrium, an accessory preatrial chamber persists in the form of a cor triatriatum. 15 An anomalous development of the atrial septum or failure of the common pulmonary vein to develop can result in a total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. 3,8,15 When there is incomplete fusion of the common pulmonary vein with the pulmonary venous plexus, some pulmonary veins become incorporated into the left atrium and the others retain their communications with the cardinal or umbilicovitelline venous system and drain into the right atrium.…”

“…15 An anomalous development of the atrial septum or failure of the common pulmonary vein to develop can result in a total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. 3,8,15 When there is incomplete fusion of the common pulmonary vein with the pulmonary venous plexus, some pulmonary veins become incorporated into the left atrium and the others retain their communications with the cardinal or umbilicovitelline venous system and drain into the right atrium. As a result, a partial anomalous pulmonary connection occurs.…”

“…1,3,4,6,[8][9][10][11][12][14][15][16][17] Normally, during the 2 months in utero the lung buds develop from the foregut and drain the systemic veins of the embryo, including the cardinal and umbilicovitelline veins. At the same time, an outpouching from the primitive left atrium forms a common pulmonary vein and extends toward the lung venous plexus.…”