The Public Health Impacts of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations on Local Communities

Greger, Michael; Koneswaran, Gowri

doi:10.1097/fch.0b013e3181c4e22a

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The elevated levels of ARGs in aquatic environments are correlated to proximity to anthropogenic activities with special reference to environmental impact of agricultural effluent, irrigation water and fishing (Berglund, 2015), large-scale industrial agricultural facilities, which raise food animals at high-density and using antibiotics for treatment or as growth promoters (Burkholder et al, 2007; Gilchrist et al, 2007; Greger and Koneswaran, 2010). Similarly, impacts from large scale and widespread antibiotic use in aquaculture need to be re-assessed (Knapp et al, 2010; Weir et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion of the Vancomycin Resistance Genes vanA and vanC of Enterococcus Isolated from Nile Tilapia on Retail Sale: A Public Health Hazard

Osman

Ali²,

Radwan

et al. 2016

Front. Microbiol.

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Although normally regarded harmless commensals, enterococci may cause a range of different infections in humans, including urinary tract infections, sepsis, and endocarditis. The acquisition of vancomycin resistance by enterococci (VRE) has seriously affected the treatment and infection control of these organisms. VRE are frequently resistant to all antibiotics that are effective treatment for vancomycin-susceptible enterococci, which leaves clinicians treating VRE infections with limited therapeutic options. With VRE emerging as a global threat to public health, we aimed to isolate, identify enterococci species from tilapia and their resistance to van-mediated glycopeptide (vanA and vanC) as well as the presence of enterococcal surface protein (esp) using conventional and molecular methods. The cultural, biochemical (Vitek 2 system) and polymerase chain reaction results revealed eight Enterococcus isolates from the 80 fish samples (10%) to be further identified as E. faecalis (6/8, 75%) and E gallinarum (2/8, 25%). Intraperitoneal injection of healthy Nile tilapia with the eight Enterococcus isolates caused significant morbidity (70%) within 3 days and 100% mortality at 6 days post-injection with general signs of septicemia. All of the eight Enterococcus isolates were found to be resistant to tetracycline. The 6/6 E. faecalis isolates were susceptible for penicillin, nitrofurantoin, gentamicin, and streptomycin. On the other hand 5/6 were susceptible for ampicillin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin. The two isolates of E. gallinarum were sensitive to rifampicin and ciprofloxacin and resistant to vancomycin, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin. Molecular characterization proved that they all presented the prototypic vanC element. On the whole, one of the two vancomycin resistance gene was present in 3/8 of the enterococci isolates, while the esp virulence gene was present in 1/8 of the enterococci isolates. The results in this study emphasize the potential role that aquatic environments are correlated to proximity to anthropogenic activities in determining the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Enterococcus spp. recovered from fish in the river Nile in Giza, Elmounib, Egypt as a continuation of our larger study on the reservoirs of antibiotic resistance in the environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion of the Vancomycin Resistance Genes vanA and vanC of Enterococcus Isolated from Nile Tilapia on Retail Sale: A Public Health Hazard

Osman

Ali²,

Radwan

et al. 2016

Front. Microbiol.

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“…The breadth of research on the community health effects associated with IFAP has not been the subject of a recent review [46][47][48][49]. A 2010 systematic review [49] examined evidence of respiratory, gastrointestinal, and mental health outcomes; however, this review reflects a limited subset of the broader body of research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Food Animal Production and Community Health

Casey

Kim

Larsen

et al. 2015

Curr Envir Health Rpt

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Industrial food animal production (IFAP) is a source of environmental microbial and chemical hazards. A growing body of literature suggests that populations living near these operations and manure-applied crop fields are at elevated risk for several health outcomes. We reviewed the literature published since 2000 and identified four health outcomes consistently and positively associated with living near IFAP: respiratory outcomes, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Q fever, and stress/mood. We found moderate evidence of an association of IFAP with quality of life and limited evidence of an association with cognitive impairment, Clostridium difficile, Enterococcus, birth outcomes, and hypertension. Distance-based exposure metrics were used by 17/33 studies reviewed. Future work should investigate exposure through drinking water and must improve exposure assessment with direct environmental sampling, modeling, and high-resolution DNA typing methods. Investigators should not limit study to high-profile pathogens like MRSA but include a broader range of pathogens, as well as other disease outcomes.

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“…The Environmental Protection Agency considers ammonia a threat to air quality because of contribution to surface water eutrophication, nitrate contamination of ground water and the associated impaired air quality [14]. Ammonia contamination has the potential for at least short-term adverse effects on agricultural workers involved in animal care [15,16]. Subjects in a study performed to simulate residing in close proximity to a swine operation exhibited headaches, eye irritation, and nausea [16].…”

Section: Environmental Implications Of Excreted Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subjects in a study performed to simulate residing in close proximity to a swine operation exhibited headaches, eye irritation, and nausea [16]. In studies of workers at swine concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs), 25 % of the workers reported at least one of the following respiratory symptoms; asthma, bronchitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and organic dust toxicity syndrome [15]. However, as far as the authors know there has never been a study evaluating the health of equine farm workers who are exposed to high levels of ammonia.…”

Section: Environmental Implications Of Excreted Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Implications of Nitrogen Output on Horse Operations: A Review

Bott

Greene

Trottier

et al. 2016

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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Nutrients such as nitrogen, which go unutilized during the digestive process, are then excreted into the environment via urine, gas or fecal matter. Excess nitrogen released in this manner may contribute to a reduction of the quality of air and groundwater sources. Many states have introduced or developed legislation mandating nutrient management plans on livestock operations to reduce environmental nitrogen losses. Strategies for reducing the environmental impacts of nitrogen on equine operations are two fold, including a reduction in nitrogen inputs and better management of nitrogen outputs. The practice of precision feeding, or feeding to accurately meet, but not exceed the nutrients requirements of an animal is a plausible method for reducing nitrogen inputs. This approach is not widely implemented, as feeding protein in excess of requirements is a common practice in the equine industry. Also, precision feeding is predicated on a body of data containing the nutrient availability and digestibility in different feed sources; data which are not fully elucidated in the horse. Management of nitrogen outputs on equine operations is largely based on data extrapolated from other livestock operations as well as a few preliminary efforts on horse farms. The potential impact of equine operations on nitrogen losses is explored in this review, shedding light on areas where further research and management strategies are needed.

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The Public Health Impacts of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations on Local Communities

Cited by 36 publications

References 35 publications

Dispersion of the Vancomycin Resistance Genes vanA and vanC of Enterococcus Isolated from Nile Tilapia on Retail Sale: A Public Health Hazard

Dispersion of the Vancomycin Resistance Genes vanA and vanC of Enterococcus Isolated from Nile Tilapia on Retail Sale: A Public Health Hazard

Industrial Food Animal Production and Community Health

Environmental Implications of Nitrogen Output on Horse Operations: A Review

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