The public health emergency management system in China: trends from 2002 to 2012

Sun, Mei; Xu, Nengxiong; Li, Chengyue; Wu, Dan; Zou, Jingcheng; Wang, Ying; Luo, Li; Yu, Ming L.; Yu, Zhang; Wang, Hua; Shi, Peng; Chen, Zheng; Wang, Jian; Lu, Yueliang; Li, Qi; Wang, Xinhua; Bi, Zhenqiang; Fan, Ming; Fu, Liping; Yu, Jingjin; Hao, Mo

doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5284-1

Cited by 33 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…11 This change in incidence does not reflect an actual increase in incidence but improved reporting after reinforcement of the reporting system following the 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. 12 The predominant routes of HCV infection in mainland China include transfusion of contaminated blood products, invasive medical procedures, and use of injectable drugs. Since the implementation of mandatory HCV screening for blood products, infection via transfusion has decreased significantly (eg, in Beijing, the proportion of new infections caused by blood transfusion was 84·2% before 1992 and 14·3% after 2004).…”

Section: Viral Hepatitis Hepatitis B D and Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission

Sarin

Kumar

Eslam

et al. 2020

The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology

389

303

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The Asia-Pacific region is home to more than half of the global population and accounted for 62·6% of global deaths due to liver diseases in 2015. 54·3% of global deaths due to cirrhosis, 72·7% of global deaths due to hepatocellular carcinoma, and more than two-thirds of the global burden of acute viral hepatitis occurred in this region in 2015. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection caused more than half of the deaths due to cirrhosis in the region, followed by alcohol consumption (20·8%), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD; 12·1%), and chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV; 15·7%). In 2015, HBV accounted for about half the cases of hepatocellular carcinoma in the region. Preventive strategies for viral hepatitis-related liver disease include increasing access to clean drinking water and sanitation. HBV vaccination programmes for neonates have been implemented by all countries, although birthdose coverage is extremely suboptimal in some. Availability of screening tests for blood and tissue, donor recall policies, and harm reduction strategies are in their initial stages in most countries. Many governments have put HBV and HCV drugs on their essential medicines lists and the availability of generic versions of these drugs has reduced costs. Efforts to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat, together with the rapid increase in per-capita alcohol consumption in countries and the epidemic of obesity, are expected to change the spectrum of liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region in the near future. The increasing burden of alcohol-related liver diseases can be contained through government policies to limit consumption and promote less harmful patterns of alcohol use, which are in place in some countries but need to be enforced more strictly. Steps are needed to control obesity and NAFLD, including policies to promote healthy lifestyles and regulate the food industry. Inadequate infrastructure and insufficient health-care personnel trained in liver diseases are issues that also need to be addressed in the Asia-Pacific region. The policy response of most governments to liver diseases has thus far been inadequate and poorly funded. There must be a renewed focus on prevention, early detection, timely referral, and research into the best means to introduce and improve health interventions to reduce the burden of liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region. 168 www.thelancet.com/gastrohep Vol 5 February 2020The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission accounted for 108 276 (8·2%) of the total liver-related deaths in the region in 2015, compared with 929 (1·2%) of 72 437 in the USA and 4032 (0·3%) of 197 179 in Europe. Deaths in the Asia-Pacific region represented three-quarters of the global total number of deaths due to acute viral hepatitis. In 2015, the region accounted for three-quarters of the global total number of deaths related to acute HBV, almost two-thirds of those due to acute hepatitis A infection, and almost 80% of those due to acute hepatitis E infection. Of all deaths du...

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Section: Viral Hepatitis Hepatitis B D and Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission

Sarin

Kumar

Eslam

et al. 2020

The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology

389

303

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“…After consulting the experts from the Chinese CDC who once worked for the World Health Organization (WHO), we learned that the management was re ned by preparedness, operation, response, and recovery for an international public health emergency. Also, this had been mentioned in articles [5,28 ]. Based on the above points, the international data retrieval strategies were set as: ((TS = public health) AND (TS= preparedness OR TS= operation OR TS= response OR TS= recovery) AND TS= (emergency )) AND LANGUAGE: (English) AND DOCUMENT TYPES: (Article) Indexes = SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A&HCI, Timespan = 1988-2018.…”

Section: Data Retrievalmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Public health events also had pushed the process of high gear giving top priority to changes in emergency operations. The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) in China spread rapidly to the whole world in a short time, which illustrated the need to build a resilient health emergency system that can withstand epidemics [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of International and Chinese Public Health Emergency Management from the Perspective of Mapping Knowledge Domains

Zhu

Feng

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: At the end of 2019, the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had severely damaging people’s life. China’s public health emergency management system had played an essential role in the handling and response of it, which had been appreciated by the World Health Organization and some countries. Hence it is necessary to make an overall analysis of the development of China’s health emergency management system. It can provide a reference for scholars to understand the current situation and look for new research points. Methods: We collected 2247 international from the Web of Science database, 959 Chinese articles from China National Knowledge Infrastructure database. Bibliometric and mapping knowledge domains analysis methods were used in this study for temporal distribution analysis, cooperation network, co-word network analysis. Results: The first international article in this field was published in 1991, while Chinese in 2005. Research institutions mainly come from universities and health institutions. Developed countries and European countries published more articles, while east of China published more. There are 52 burst words for international articles from 1999–2018, while 18 burst words for Chinese articles from 2003–2018. International top-ranked articles by citation appeared in 2005, 2007, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2016, while Chinese appeared in 2003, 2004, 2009, 2011.Conclusions: There are differences in the regional or economic distribution of international and Chinese cooperation networks. International research often relates to hot issues, mainly focus on the emergency preparedness and monitoring for public health events, while China’s focus on the public health emergency and their disposal. International begins the research with terrorism and bioterrorism, followed by disaster planning and emergency preparedness, epidemics and infectious diseases. China takes severe acute respiratory syndrome as the research background and legal system construction as the research starting point, followed by mechanism, structure, system, and learning from abroad of public health emergency management.

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“…It established the Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise (PHEMCE) on Jul 2006 and determined that the EVD and related viral hemorrhagic fever viruses presented material threats to the U.S. population [12]. However, China's emergency response plan for EIDs was primarily based on emergency investigation, tracing and control of new infected cases [13]. The EVD had not been listed as a potential national security threat prior to the 2014 outbreak.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerating R&D for Emerging Infectious Diseases: Lessons Learnt From Ebola

Li¹,

Chen²,

Ma³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract Objective: The R&D explosion for Ebola virus disease (EVD) during the 2014-2016 outbreak led to the successful development of high-quality vaccines performed by China and the U.S. This study aims to compare the R&D activities of Ebola-related medical products in two countries, as a way to present the influential factors of R&D for emerging infectious disease (EID) and to provide suggestions for timely and efficient R&D response to the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: In this comparative study, R&D activities were analyzed in terms of research funding, scientific research outputs, R&D timeline, and government incentive and coordinated mechanisms. Quantitative analysis was performed using data retrieved from national websites, clinical trial registries and databases.Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore perspectives of fifteen key informants from EID field, especially of those involved in Ebola product development. Findings: The funding gap between China and the U.S. was significant before 2014 and narrowed after the Ebola outbreak. Both research teams started basic studies prior to the Ebola outbreak; however, the U.S. got FDA approval for clinical trials 5 months earlier than China. The underlying gap reveals the lack of participation and support by private sectors, the stagnant transformation platform, and the inadequate government incentives in China. Conclusion: R&D pre-planning and resource deployment mechanisms are crucial for EID preparedness and response. Funding should be allocated to support diversified R&D institutions for coping with the risks. Building private and public collaboration, and strengthening government support for clinical trials may accelerate the translation of basic research.

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The public health emergency management system in China: trends from 2002 to 2012

Cited by 33 publications

References 18 publications

Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission

Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission

A Comparative Study of International and Chinese Public Health Emergency Management from the Perspective of Mapping Knowledge Domains

Accelerating R&D for Emerging Infectious Diseases: Lessons Learnt From Ebola

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The public health emergency management system in China: trends from 2002 to 2012

Cited by 33 publications

References 18 publications

Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission

Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission

A Comparative Study of International and Chinese Public Health Emergency Management from the Perspective of Mapping Knowledge Domains

Accelerating R&amp;D for Emerging Infectious Diseases: Lessons Learnt From Ebola

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Product

Resources

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Accelerating R&D for Emerging Infectious Diseases: Lessons Learnt From Ebola