The psychotherapy of schizophrenia: Patient and therapist factors related to continuance.

Do therapists' subjective variables impact on psychodynamic psychotherapy outcomes? A systematic literature review

“…Three studies (10%; Anderson, McClintock, Himawan, Song, & Patterson, ; Schauenburg et al, ; Wiseman & Tishby, ) used a longitudinal design with an average length of 18.03 sessions ( SD = 12.13, Mdn = 12.01). Two studies (6.67%; Berghout & Zevalkink, ; Frank, Gunderson, & Gomes‐Schwartz, ) were clinical trials and did not report treatment duration. Two studies (6.67%; Heinonen, Knekt, Jääskeläinen, & Lindfors, ; Heinonen, Lindfors, Laaksonen, & Knekt, ) used a quasi‐experimental design with a 3‐ and 5‐year follow‐up from the start of treatment, respectively.…”

“…Therapists' mean age, as reported in the studies (60%, k = 18), was 38.72 years ( SD = 8.38). In one study (3.33%; Bruck, Winston, Aderholt, & Muran, ), age ranged from 27 to 59 years, whereas 11 studies (36.67%; Coady, ; Frank et al, ; Henry, Schacht, & Strupp, ; Hilliard, Henry, & Strupp, ; Najavits & Strupp, ; Nissen‐Lie et al, ; Reading, ; Ryan, Safran, Doran, & Moran, ; Schut et al, ; Svartberg & Stiles, ; Talley et al, ) did not report therapists' mean age. The 1,289 therapists who participated in the study were predominantly female (66.41%, n = 856).…”

Predictors of the therapeutic alliance in group therapy for individuals with treatment‐resistant auditory hallucinations

“…Participants were recruited primarily from an out‐patient clinic at the University of North Carolina‐Chapel Hill, as well as from mental health centres in Wake and Durham Counties in North Carolina. To be eligible for the study, participants must have met the following criteria: (1) DSM‐IV diagnosis of either schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder [based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV (SCID‐P; First, Spitzer, Gibbon, & Williams, 1995)]; (2) 18–65 years old; (3) IQ >70 [measured by the Wechsler Abbreviated Scales for Intelligence (WASI; Wechsler, 1999)]; (4) no current substance dependence; and (5) auditory hallucinations of at least moderate severity (i.e. a rating of at least a four on the PANSS hallucinations item, described below), despite two previous medication trials, one of which was a stable regiment of an atypical neuroleptic for at least eight consecutive weeks prior to randomization (Volavka et al , 2002).…”

Engagement in Cross-Cultural Clinical Practice: Narrative Analysis of First Sessions

“…As well, the significance of the engagement process in cross-cultural psychotherapy has been repeatedly emphasized (Cardemil and Battle 2003;Coleman 2002;Constantine 2002;Dyche and Zayas 1995;Erdur et al 2003;Keenan 2001;Keenan et al 2005;Horvath 2006;La Roche and Maxie 2003;Lee 2008;Mishne 2002;Seeley 2000;Shonfeld-Ringel 2000;Stuart 2004;Sue 2006). Engagement is seen as critical to a client's decision to continue with or drop out of treatment (Gregory and Leslie 1996;Frank et al 1987). Although it can be considered part and parcel of the developing therapeutic relationship, a successful engagement process is not equivalent to a good relationship.…”