The psychology of men: Historical developments, current research, and future directions.

Wester, Stephen R.; Vogel, David L.

doi:10.1037/13754-014

Cited by 29 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 111 publications

(171 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, if a Chinese man was to choose their culture of origin, then that might be interpreted by some as effeminate and less than manly, leading to negative consequences. Conversely, if they were to choose the Western ideal, then that might be seen as a rejection of their culture, and conflict might result (e.g., Wester & Vogel, 2012). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factor structure of the Gender Role Conflict Scale-Short Form in Chinese heterosexual and gay samples.

Zhang¹,

Blashill²,

Wester³

et al. 2015

Psychology of Men & Masculinity

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The current study examined the validity of Gender Role Conflict Scale-Short Form (GRCS-SF) among a sample of 256 Chinese heterosexual men and 250 Chinese gay men. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the conclusion that a Chinese translated version of the GRCS-SF had acceptable structural validity. Specifically, the four-factor solution (i.e., Success, Power, Competition; Restricted Emotionality; Restricted Affectionate Behavior Between Men; Conflict Between Work and Family Relations) was confirmed with all items loading on their respective factors. Furthermore, the four-factor solution provided a better fit than either a single factor or a four-factor solution with a higher-order single factor. Cronbach’s α reliabilities reached the acceptable criterion in both samples for the overall score as well as for the subscale scores. Measurement invariance also suggested that the GRCS-SF has a similar structure between heterosexual and gay Chinese men.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each participant completed the GRCS-SF, a measure of negative outcomes from experiencing restricted gender roles (O’Neil, 2008, O’Neil et al, 1986; Wester & Vogel, 2012). The GRCS-SF was developed from the items of the GRCS, which is the most used tool to measure GRC (O’Neil et al, 1986).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factor structure of the Gender Role Conflict Scale-Short Form in Chinese heterosexual and gay samples.

Zhang¹,

Blashill²,

Wester³

et al. 2015

Psychology of Men & Masculinity

Self Cite

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“…In particular, Western culture requires men to be strong, be able to handle the rigors of life's stresses, and control their emotions without seeking help (27). Others point out that a significant determinant in deciding to seek mental health services is the endorsement of that behavior within a person's social network (28).…”

Section: Considerations For Improving Counseling To Infertile Menmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infertility counseling (or the lack thereof) of the forgotten male partner

Petok¹

2015

Fertility and Sterility

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Men with infertility represent a significant percentage of the infertile population. However, public awareness of this fact is limited at best. Literature and other media have neglected the male component of reproduction other than its sexual nature. Men's emotional reactions to a diagnosis of infertility have been studied far less than those of women. However, there is a growing body of research indicating that men do feel the loss associated with a failure to conceive and have unique methods of adapting. At the same time resources available for infertile men are limited or underutilized. Several factors contribute to the underutilization, including narrow awareness, lack of high-visibility individuals willing to speak about the problem, and male avoidance of mental health services. Suggestions for improving this situation are offered.

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“…Restrictive emotionality, a traditional masculine norm defined by a set of prescriptive statements about how men should limit their display of emotion, might be one dimension of masculine ideology that has important implications for understanding men’s mental health following an emotionally stressful life event (Burns & Mahalik, 2007; Wester & Vogel, 2012). In fact, prescriptive statements about what men should be like (e.g., Men should be detached in emotionally charged situations) compared to descriptive statements about what men are actually like (e.g., Men are tough) (Thompson et al, 1992) tend to be more influential in shaping men’s behavior as adherence to masculine norms tends to be derived from societal expectations about how men should perform and act (Prentice & Carranza, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Masculine norms about emotionality and social constraints in young and older adult men with cancer

Darabos

Hoyt

2016

J Behav Med

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Beliefs that men should restrict their display of emotions, or restrictive emotionality, might contribute to adjustment to cancer and this might be sensitive to social receptivity to disclosure. The present research examined relationships of restrictive emotionality, social constraints, and psychological distress in young adults with testicular cancer (N = 171; Study 1) and older men with prostate cancer (N = 66; Study 2). Study 1: positive associations were observed for social constraints and restrictive emotionality with depressive symptoms. Social constraints moderated the relationship, such that high restrictive emotionality was associated with higher depressive symptoms in those with high constraints. Study 2: only social constraints (and not restrictive emotionality) was positively associated with depressive symptoms and cancer-related intrusive thoughts. The social constraints × restrictive emotionality interaction approached significance with depressive symptoms, such with high social constraints low restrictive emotionality was associated with higher depressive symptoms compared to those with less constraints. No significant associations were found for intrusive thoughts in either study. Findings demonstrate unique relationships with psychological distress across the lifespan of men with cancer given perception of constraints and adherence to masculine norms about emotionality.

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The psychology of men: Historical developments, current research, and future directions.

Cited by 29 publications

References 111 publications

Factor structure of the Gender Role Conflict Scale-Short Form in Chinese heterosexual and gay samples.

Factor structure of the Gender Role Conflict Scale-Short Form in Chinese heterosexual and gay samples.

Infertility counseling (or the lack thereof) of the forgotten male partner

Masculine norms about emotionality and social constraints in young and older adult men with cancer

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