The Psychology of Group Conflict and the Dynamics of Oppression

Sidanius, James

doi:10.1215/9780822396697-009

Cited by 200 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 517 publications

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“…Because of conceptual and empirical ambiguities concerning the meaning and measurement of the construct of social dominance, some have interpreted it as a form of group justification, whereas others have treated it as synonymous with system justification. Sniderman, Crosby, and Howell (2000), for example, concluded that "the job of the social dominance measure" is to "assess the strength of the desire of some to enjoy the benefits of dominance over others" (p. 270), and they are by no means alone in this interpretation (e.g., Altemeyer, 1998;Pratto, Sidanius, Stallworth, & Malle, 1994;Sidanius, 1993;Sidanius & Pratto, 1993). Recently, the definition of social dominance orientation has shifted to make it more compatible with a system justification perspective.…”

Section: The Accumulation Of Evidence Against the Received Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Decade of System Justification Theory: Accumulated Evidence of Conscious and Unconscious Bolstering of the Status Quo

Jost¹,

Banaji²,

Nosek³

2016

Preprint

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Most theories in social and political psychology stress self-interest, intergroup conflict, ethnocentrism, homophily, ingroup bias, outgroup antipathy, dominance, and resistance. System justification theory is influenced by these perspectives-including social identity and social dominance theories-but it departs from them in several respects. Advocates of system justification theory argue that (a) there is a general ideological motive to justify the existing social order, (b) this motive is at least partially responsible for the internalization of inferiority among members of disadvantaged groups, (c) it is observed most readily at an implicit, nonconscious level of awareness and (d) paradoxically, it is sometimes strongest among those who are most harmed by the status quo. This article reviews and integrates 10 years of research on 20 hypotheses derived from a system justification perspective, focusing on the phenomenon of implicit outgroup favoritism among members of disadvantaged groups (including African Americans, the elderly, and gays/lesbians) and its relation to political ideology (especially liberalism-conservatism).KEY WORDS: ideology, system justification, intergroup relations, implicit bias There is a cluster of related theories that are by now so prevalent in social science that they strike the contemporary reader as self-evidently true. Although these theories are by no means indistinguishable, they share a set of common features, including the tenets that groups serve their own interests, develop ideolo-

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Section: The Accumulation Of Evidence Against the Received Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Decade of System Justification Theory: Accumulated Evidence of Conscious and Unconscious Bolstering of the Status Quo

Jost¹,

Banaji²,

Nosek³

2016

Preprint

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“…[Group standards, Prosocial behavior, Characteristics valued by peers, Popularity, Social reputation/status] Social dominance theory (Sidanius, 1993) or resource control theory (Hawley, 1999) Harassment is a form of social control: The bully is the agent of control. [Dominance, Socioaffective structure and hierarchies of the peer group, Social goals]…”

Section: Micro-system Of Bullyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two theories explain the function of bullying within and for the group: the social identity theory -SIT- (Tajfel, 1984), and the social dominance (Sidanius, 1993) or resource control theory (Hawley, 1999). Both consider the reactive and, especially, the proactive aggression as an expression of a system of social values, and motivated by gaining social recognition and a powerful position within the peer group (Hawley, 2003;Salmivalli, Ojanen, Hampaa, & Pets, 2005).…”

Section: Group Processes: the Peersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From an evolutionary perspective, the social dominance theory (Sidanius, 1993) explains prejudice and aggression resulting from a natural human predisposition to create hierarchies, whose function is not to provide the individual with a recognizable social identity, but to minimize social conflicts. In this context, harassment is considered as a strategy to gain mastery and control of social resources (Hawley, 1999(Hawley, , 2003, so the need to have a better social standing motivates aggressive behavior (Buelga, Cava, & Musitu, 2011;Powell et al, 2011).…”

Section: Group Processes: the Peersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Propuestas teóricas en la investigación sobre acoso escolar: una revisión

et al. 2013

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Four decades of research into peer bullying have produced an extensive body of knowledge. This work attempts to provide an integrative theoretical framework, which includes the specific theories and observations. The main aim is to organize the available knowledge in order to guide the development of effective interventions. To that end, several psychological theories are described that have been used and/or adapted with the aim of understanding peer bullying. All of them, at different ecological levels and different stages of the process, may describe it in terms of the relational dynamics of power. It is concluded that research needs to take this integrative framework into account; that is to say to consider multi-causal and holistic approaches to bullying. For the intervention, regardless of the format or the target population, the empowerment of the individuals, and the social awareness of the use and abuse of personal power are suggested. Key words: Bullying; peer violence; theoretical framework; review.Título: Propuestas teóricas en la investigación sobre acoso escolar: una revisión. Resumen: Cuatro décadas de investigación sobre acoso entre iguales han conseguido un extenso cuerpo de conocimientos. Este trabajo pretende ofrecer un marco teórico integrador que incluya las teorías y observaciones específicas realizadas hasta el momento. El objetivo es organizar los conocimientos disponibles para orientar en el desarrollo de investigaciones/intervenciones eficaces. Para ello se describen las diversas teorías psicológicas que se han utilizado y/o adaptado para comprender el acoso, en relación a las variables más relevantes. Dichas teorías específicas, muestran el acoso en diferentes niveles ecológicos y momentos del proceso, y pueden describirlo en términos de dinámicas relacionales de poder. Se concluye la necesidad de investigar teniendo en cuenta este marco teórico integrador, que considera la multicausalidad y la perspectiva holística del acoso. En la intervención, cualquiera que sea su formato o población objetivo, se sugiere procurar el empoderamiento de los individuos y la concienciación social en cuanto al uso y el abuso del poder personal. Palabras clave: Bullying; violencia entre pares; marco teórico; revisión.

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“…la psicología social ha recurrido a diversos enfoques con el propósito de vincular la producción mental con las relaciones sociales. entre estos se encuentran el estudio de los conflictos intergrupales (Pratto, Sidanius, & levin, 2006;Sidanius, 1985Sidanius, , 1993, de las actitudes (altmeyer, 1981; 1998), de la identidad grupal (Duckitt, 2001;Stellmacher & Petzel, 2005), de las representaciones sociales (Scarbrough, 1990), de los estilos cognitivos (tetlock, 1983), de la cognición social (Jost, glaser, Kruglansky, & Sulloway, 2003a, 2003b y del discurso (billig, 1984;billig, Condor, edwards, gane, Middleton, & Radley, 1988). Sin embargo, es difícil encontrar un concepto que reúna de manera teóricamente consistente las distintas formas de abordar la ideología.…”

Section: La Configuración Ideológicaunclassified

Configuración ideológica y estructura social: resucitando el tema desde la psicología política

Carvacho

Haye

2008

RevPsicología

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Resumen a partir de los resultados de una investigación longitudinal sobre la cultura política de tres generaciones de chilenos (n 1 =494; n 2 =695; n 3 =494) se discute la relación entre variables estructurales de la sociedad (generación y clase social) y actitudes relevantes para el posicionamiento ideológico (apoyo a la democracia y autoritarismo). los resultados indican que entre los jóvenes de derecha el apoyo a la democracia es más alto que entre los adultos de derecha, y que la relación entre autoritarismo y nivel educacional depende de la clase social. estos resultados sugieren que el estudio actual de la ideología debe volver a tomar en cuenta, además de las variables individuales habitualmente utilizadas en psicología social, la clásica relación entre la estructura social y la formación de las actitudes ideológicas. Palabras clave: ideología; generaciones; clase social; autoritarismo. AbstractIn a longitudinal study of the political culture of three generations of Chileans (n 1 =494; n 2 =695; n 3 =494) we discuss the relationship between social structural variables (generation and social class) and attitudes concerning their ideological standing (support of de-39 la realización de este trabajo ha sido posible gracias al financiamiento otorgado al proyecto FoNDeCyt N° 1050887 "estudio Psicosocial de la Cultura Política de tres generaciones de Chilenos". en este proyecto participan también los co-investigadores Roberto gonzález, Jorge Manzi y Carolina Segovia. Una versión preliminar de este artículo fue presentada por los autores en los Coloquios de la escuela de Psicología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. mocracy and authoritarianism). Results show that within young right-wingers support of democracy is higher than within adult right-wingers, and that the relationship between authoritarianism and education level depends on social class. These findings suggest that current research on ideology should take into account, in addition to the individual variables usually considered in social psychology, the old relationship between social structure and the molding of ideological attitudes.

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The Psychology of Group Conflict and the Dynamics of Oppression

Cited by 200 publications

References 517 publications

A Decade of System Justification Theory: Accumulated Evidence of Conscious and Unconscious Bolstering of the Status Quo

A Decade of System Justification Theory: Accumulated Evidence of Conscious and Unconscious Bolstering of the Status Quo

Propuestas teóricas en la investigación sobre acoso escolar: una revisión

Configuración ideológica y estructura social: resucitando el tema desde la psicología política

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