The protocontinental growth of the Indian Shield and the antiquity of its rift valleys

Naqvi, S. M.; Rao, V. Divakara; Narain, Hari

doi:10.1016/0301-9268(74)90005-9

Cited by 188 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The lineaments of Narmada-Son, Godavari, and Mahanadi rifts are ancient and supposed to be existed since the Archaean time (Naqvi et al, 1974;Naqvi and Rogers, 1987;Rogers, 1996;Rogers and Santosh, 2002). These ancient lineaments are too deep and probably extended up to the mantle (Naqvi et al, 1974). Rogers (1996) and Rogers andSantosh (2002, 2003) have discussed existence of an Archaean (~3 Ga) Supercontinent known as "Ur".…”

Section: Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Neoarchaean high-Mg low-Ti mafic igneous rocks in an intracratonic setting, Central India craton: Evidence for boninite magmatism

Srivastava

2006

Geochem. J.

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The southern Central India craton (also known as Bastar craton) has experienced several episodes of mafic magmatism during the early Precambrian time. These mafic igneous rocks are emplaced as dyke and volcanic rocks. A set of mafic dyke swarm and few exposures of mafic volcanics, both emplaced in the Neoarchaean time, contain high-SiO 2 (>52 wt%), high-MgO (>8 wt%), and low-TiO 2 (mostly <0.5 wt%) and classified as boninites on IUGS classification scheme. Al 2 O 3 / CaO ratio classifies these high-Mg mafic igneous rocks into high-Ca and low-Ca (Type 3) boninites. High-Ca boninites show typical boninitic geochemical characteristics, whereas low-Ca variety shows geochemical characteristics similar to the high-Mg norites. Siliceous high-magnesium basalts (SHMB) show similar geochemical properties as observed for the high-Mg norites. Early Precambrian high-Mg norites are reported from the rift setting environment but, on the other hand, boninitic magmatism represents an enigmatic style of magmatism and commonly formed at convergent margin settings. Most boninites are Phanerozoic in age and rarely reported from the Archaean terrains. The established geological and tectonic setting of the Archaean Bastar craton clearly suggests existence of a stable continental rift environment in the region since the Archaean time. Thus, report of Neoarchaean boninite-like rocks in an intracratonic setting is an important feature noticed in the Archaean terrain of Indian peninsula. A highly refractory mantle source region is required to form boninitic magma. Refractory lithosphere may be result of extensive extraction of mafic magma during Mesoarchaean. The preservation of refractory reservoir beneath the Bastar craton for long period of time corroborates a high degree of crustal stability during the Meso-Neoarchaean time. Trace element modelling suggests that high-Mg mafic igneous rocks under study are product of different pulses of boninitic magma produced by ~20-25% melting of a refractory mantle source.

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Section: Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Neoarchaean high-Mg low-Ti mafic igneous rocks in an intracratonic setting, Central India craton: Evidence for boninite magmatism

Srivastava

2006

Geochem. J.

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“…At least six Archaean to early Proterozoic cratonic nuclei, and several fold belts, are recognized in India (Naqvi and Rogers, 1987). The nuclei may have been sutured together in Archaean-Proterozoic time by proto-plate tectonic processes (e.g., Naqvi et al, 1974;Radhakrishna, 1989; but see Hamilton, 1998 for a contrary view). Several major rift zones traverse the Indian Peninsula ( Fig.…”

Section: Structure and Tectonics Of The Indian Shieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Narmada zone in particular is a prominent, ancient line of weakness and has been proposed to be a Proterozoic protocontinental suture between a northern, Aravalli protocontinent and a southern, Dharwar protocontinent (Naqvi et al, 1974;Radhakrishna, 1989). The Cambay rift, and the western continental margin of India, also developed by faulting parallel to the NNW-SSE Dharwar orogenic trend of Precambrian age (Biswas, 1987), i.e., India may have broken off from Seychelles, and Greater India from Madagascar, along what were apparently terrane boundaries.…”

Section: Structure and Tectonics Of The Indian Shieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Were the Deccan Flood Basalts Derived in Part from Ancient Oceanic Crust Within the Indian Continental Lithosphere?

Sheth¹

2005

Gondwana Research

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Deep mantle plumes supposedly incorporate deeply subducted eclogitized oceanic crust, and continental flood basalts (CFBs) are now thought by some to be derived from such eclogite-bearing peridotite plumes. Eclogite-peridotite mixtures have much lower solidi (and produce much greater melt fractions for a given temperature) than peridotite. Ferich (eclogite-or pyroxenite-bearing) sources have been inferred for many CFBs. However, plumes with considerable amounts of eclogite should have difficulty in upwelling owing to the high density of eclogite. Besides, CFBs are always located along pre-existing lithospheric structures (suture zones, edges of thick cratons) and commonly associated with lithospheric rifting and continental breakup. India's major late Mesozoic CFB, the Deccan Traps, erupted through rift zones and a new continental margin that had developed along ancient suture zones traversing the subcontinent. Many Deccan basalts are too Fe-rich to have been in equilibrium with a peridotite mantle source, and have commonly been considered to be significantly fractionated derivatives of picritic liquids. However, it is possible to view them as relatively less evolved liquids derived from a source with extra fertility (i.e., an Fe-rich source). A new non-plume, plate tectonic model for Icelandic hotspot volcanism involves melting of a shallowly recycled slab of eclogitized Iapetus oceanic crust formerly trapped along the Caledonian suture. The model explains the geochemical-petrological characteristics of Icelandic basalts, and is consistent with passive upper mantle upwelling under Iceland inferred from recent seismic tomography. Based on the petrological and geochemical features of the Deccan flood basalts of the type section, in the Western Ghats, I propose that old, eclogitized oceanic crust trapped in the ancient Indian suture zones could have produced voluminous basaltic melts during the Deccan event.

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“…The Indian shield is divided into three main proto-continents: Bundelkhand, Aravalli, and Dharwar-Singhbhum (Naqvi et al 1974;Radhakrishna and Naqvi 1986). The Karnataka and Singhbhum nuclei (KN and SN) of the Dharwar-Singhbhum protocontinent are made up of rocks older than 2.5 Ga, and this Archaean continental crust of the South Indian shield has been investigated intensely since the pioneering work of Foote (1886).…”

Section: Geology Of the Dharwar Cratonmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the inferred geodynamic evolution of the Dharwar craton over the ca. 3.5–2.5 Ga period, and possible implications for global tectonics

et al. 2014

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Abstract:The geological history and evolution of the Dharwar craton from ca. 3.5-2.5 Ga is reviewed and briefly compared with a second craton, Kaapvaal, to allow some speculation on the nature of global tectonic regimes in this period. The Dharwar craton is divided into western (WDC) and eastern (EDC) parts (separated possibly by the Closepet Granite Batholith), based on lithologi-cal differences and inferred metamorphic and magmatic genetic events. A tentative evolution of the WDC encompasses an early, ca. 3.5 Ga protocrust possibly forming the basement to the ca. 3.35-3.2 Ga Sargur Group greenstone belts. The latter are interpreted as having formed through accretion of plume-related ocean plateaux. The approximately coeval Peninsular Gneiss Complex (PGC) was possibly sourced from beneath plateau remnants, and resulted in high-grade metamorphism of Sargur Group belts at ca. 3.13-2.96 Ga. At about 2.9-2.6 Ga, the Dharwar Supergroup formed, comprising lower Bababudan (largely braided fluvial and subaerial volcanic deposits) and upper Chitradurga (marine mixed clastic and chemical sedimentary rocks and subaqueous volcanics) groups. This supergroup is preserved in younger greenstone belts with two distinct magmatic events, at 2.7-2.6 and 2.58-2.54 Ga, the latter approximately coincident with ca. 2.6-2.5 Ga granitic magmatism which essentially completed cratonization in the WDC. The EDC comprises 2.7-2.55 Ga tonalite-trondhjemitegranodiorite (TTG) gneisses and migmatites, approximately coeval greenstone belts (dominated by volcanic lithologies), with minor inferred remnants of ca. 3.38-3.0 Ga crust, and voluminous 2.56-2.5 Ga granitoid intrusions (including the Closepet Batholith). An east-to-west accretion of EDC island arcs (or of an assembled arc -granitic terrane) onto the WDC is debated, with a postulate that the Closepet Granite accreted earlier onto the WDC as part of a "central Dharwar" terrane. A final voluminous granitic cratonization event is envisaged to have affected the entire, assembled Dharwar craton at ca. 2.5 Ga. When Dharwar evolution is compared with that of Kaapvaal, while possibly global magmatic events and freeboard-eustatic changes at ca. 2.7-2.5 Ga may be identified on both, the much earlier cratonization (by ca. 3.1 Ga) of Kaapvaal contrasts strongly with the ca. 2.5 Ga stabilization of Dharwar. From comparing only two cratons, it appears that genetic and chronologic relationships between mantle thermal and plate tectonic processes were complex on the Archaean Earth. The sizes of the Kaapvaal and Dharwar cratons might have been too limited yet to support effective thermal blanketing and thus accommodate Wilson Cycle onset. However, tectonically driven accretion and amalgamation appear to have predominated on both evolving cratons.Résumé : L'histoire géologique et l'évolution du craton de Dharwar (ϳ3,5-2,5 Ga) sont examinées et sommairement comparées a` celles d'un second craton, celui de Kaapvaal, afin de permettre une certaine spéculation sur la nature des régimes tectoniques globaux duran...

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The protocontinental growth of the Indian Shield and the antiquity of its rift valleys

Cited by 188 publications

References 66 publications

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Neoarchaean high-Mg low-Ti mafic igneous rocks in an intracratonic setting, Central India craton: Evidence for boninite magmatism

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Neoarchaean high-Mg low-Ti mafic igneous rocks in an intracratonic setting, Central India craton: Evidence for boninite magmatism

Were the Deccan Flood Basalts Derived in Part from Ancient Oceanic Crust Within the Indian Continental Lithosphere?

A review of the inferred geodynamic evolution of the Dharwar craton over the ca. 3.5–2.5 Ga period, and possible implications for global tectonics

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