The Protective Role of Vitamin C and Chitosan Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress in Muscles of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of antioxidants, including vitamin C, chitosan or a combination of both, on oxidative stress markers in muscles, as edible tissues of fish, exposed to paraquat. Fish exposed to 0.02 mg/L paraquat for 21 days were fed different diets: a normal diet, a diet containing chitosan (1000 mg/kg diet), a diet with vitamin C (1000 mg/kg diet) or both vitamin C and chitosan. Oxidative stress markers, including the activity of catalase, total antioxidant and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as biochemical parameters including the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), were measured in muscles. Fish exposure to paraquat increased LDH, CPK, catalase and MDA activity significantly, while it significantly decreased AST, ALT and AChE activity and total antioxidant capacity in muscles. Administration of vitamin C, combined with chitosan, to fish exposed to paraquat was effective in regulating AChE, AST, ALT, LDH, CPK and catalase activity. A significant increase in the total antioxidant status and a significant decrease in MDA levels were observed in fish fed chitosan-vitamin C complex. In conclusion, it is suggested that combined supplementation with vitamin C and chitosan may improve the detoxification system in the muscles of fish and protect common carp from paraquat toxicity.

Mollification of Doxorubicin (DOX)-Mediated Cardiotoxicity Using Conjugated Chitosan Nanoparticles with Supplementation of Propionic Acid

“…The level of LDH was elevated in the DOX-administered animals compared to animals in the other experimental groups, which confirms tissue injury [43]. Sharifinasab et al reported that the administration of CNPs can regulate the level of LDH [44]. Similarly, reduced levels of LDH were produced in the serum compared to DOXadministered rats upon the administration of CNPs and DCNPs (Figure 5).…”

Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) Fruit Extract Attenuates Paraquat-induced Toxicity in Wister Rats

“…This improvement in activities of the antioxidant enzymes GPx and SOD caused by C. pepo fruit extract could be likely due to its ascorbic acid [35], α-tocopherol [36] and selenium [37] composition. In the work of Sharifinasab and coauthors, combined supplementation with ascorbic acid and chitosan enhanced the detoxification system in fish muscles and protect against paraquat toxicity [38]. Vitamin C is effective in scavenging free radicals; such as hydroxyl radicals, aqueous peroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals and confers protection to the cell by donating electron to reduce these radicals, thus neutralizing their effects [23].…”

Stress management in aquaculture: a review of dietary interventions

“…Similarly, dietary intake of chitin or chitosan was found to improve hypoxia tolerance in Litopenaeus vannamei and Penaeus monodon (Niu et al 2011;Niu et al 2013), thermal (34°C) stress tolerance in Rutilus frisii kutum (Najafabad et al 2016) and ammonia tolerance in Litopenaeus vannamei (Chen et al 2020d). Further, dietary supplementation of chitosan/chitosan nanoparticle along with vitamin C reduced pesticide toxicity in common carp and tilapia (Sharifinasab et al 2016;Naiel et al 2020). Also, inclusion of Chi92 (a chitinase with high b-glucanase activity) to zebrafish diets containing yeast products was shown to improve disease resistance (Huo et al 2016).…”

“…Further, dietary supplementation of chitosan/chitosan nanoparticle along with vitamin C reduced pesticide toxicity in common carp and tilapia (Sharifinasab et al . 2016; Naiel et al . 2020).…”