Stress management in aquaculture: a review of dietary interventions

Abstract

Over the last few decades, the demand-driven growth in aquaculture has been tremendous due to development and adoption of cutting-edge technologies and production systems such as intensification and high input aquaculture. This growth, however, has witnessed an insurgence of various environmental and husbandry-related stressors posing major challenges to the aquaculture sector limiting its further expansion worldwide. These stressful conditions impair the health of cultured animals and predispose them to diseases resulting in economic losses. Hence, optimizing the stress resilience of the cultured species is paramount to ensure sustainable development of aquaculture sector. Addressing the concerns of stress mitigation in aquaculture, a plethora of research investigations have been intensively carried out all over the world targeting the management of cultured environment as well as cultured species. Among various mitigation strategies, dietary interventions appear to be pliable and a sustainable approach to develop immunocompetence and stress resistance in fish as requirement of several nutrients may increase under stressful conditions. The suboptimal and/or excessive levels of several essential and non-essential nutrients modulate the immune response and stress/disease resistance. Hence, the present review is an inclusive and informative compilation of dietary interventions for management of stress in aquaculture. This review highlights the stress-mitigating roles of different nutritive and non-nutritive compounds/additives such as amino acids, essential fatty acids, phospholipids, vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, different synthetic chemicals and biological derivatives from bacteria, yeast, fungi, algae, plants and animals as a promising stress management strategy to enhance the overall performance of the cultured species.

Intensification of Penaeid Shrimp Culture: An Applied Review of Advances in Production Systems, Nutrition and Breeding

“…However, vertical expansion, by means of increased intensification of farming, provides an alternative approach. Over the past 10 years, super-intensive farming of L. vannamei and high input practices have become more prevalent, which have been driven and enabled by the advancement of cutting-edge technologies and systems tailored to producing shrimp in high-density production systems [4,5].…”

Dietary Cinnamon Successfully Enhanced the Growth Performance, Growth Hormone, Antibacterial Capacity, and Immunity of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

“…It is an aim to grow aquatic animals under well-controlled conditions to have the optimal growth performance and productivity within the shortest possible time [3,4]. In this way, aquaculture provides humanity with enough seafood that should not be compromised with stressful factors involved in increasing productivity [5,6]. The suitable farming conditions should consider the environmental factors (water quality, temperature, experience, and management), source of seeds, and quality of feeds, and the use of environmentally friendly additives known for their positive impact on aquatic animals' wellbeing and health status [7][8][9].…”

Can Agri-Food Waste Be a Sustainable Alternative in Aquaculture? A Bibliometric and Meta-Analytic Study on Growth Performance, Innate Immune System, and Antioxidant Defenses

“…For this reason, synthetic antioxidants (such as butylated hydroxyl anisole and butylated hydroxyl toluene) have been widely used with the aim of increasing fish antioxidant defense levels as well as inhibiting lipid peroxidation in conventional aquaculture techniques [86]. However, the use of synthetic compounds is becoming increasingly limited because they have numerous side effects on both the environment and human or animal health [87]. Consequently, the introduction of new natural and safe substitutes that act as antioxidants is a good alternative also from a food safety perspective.…”