The protective effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on oxidative stress in rat liver exposed to the 900 MHz electromagnetic field

Abstract

In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the liver of rats exposed to the 900 MHz electromagnetic field (EMF). EMF of cellular phones may affect biological systems by increasing free radical, which appear mainly to enhance LPO, and by changing the antioxidative activities of liver, thus leading to oxidative damage. CAPE, an active component of propolis extract, exhibits antioxidant properties and several studies suggest that supplementation with antioxidant can influence EMF exposure induced hepatotoxicity. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control (n = 10), 900 MHz EMF (n = 10) and 900 MHz EMF + CAPE (n = 10). CAPE was injected intraperitoneally for 30 days before exposure to EMF. Liver tissue was removed to study the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), xanthine oxidase (XO) and the levels of LPO. The activities of XO, CAT and level of LPO increased in the 900 MHz electromagnetic field (EMF) group compared with the control group, although XO, CAT activities and LPO levels were decreased by 900 MHz EMF + CAPE administration. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px decreased in the 900 MHz EMF group compared with the control group, although their levels were increased by EMF + CAPE administration. It can be concluded that CAPE may prevent the 900 MHz EMF-induced oxidative changes in liver by strengthening the antioxidant defense system by reducing reactive oxygen species and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities.

The effect of melatonin on the liver of rats exposed to microwave radiation

“…Malondialdehyde level was found to be increased in various organs of animals exposed to MWs (19)(20)(21)24,25) including liver (22,26,27). Our results show as well, that MDA levelsare increased in liver tissue of rats exposed to microwaves after prolonged exposition period (40 and 60 days).…”

“…According to our results, protein carbonyls are signifi cantly elevated in the liver of rats exposed to microwaves after 20, 40 and 60 days of exposure, therefore suggesting that proteins are probably the fi rst target for ROS molecules oxidative action.The proteolytic conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase provides another enzymatic source of reactive oxygen species in vivo (7). Xanthine oxidase activity is already reported to be elevated in liver of animals exposed to MW radiation (22). Our results showed that the increase in xanthine oxidase activity occurred simultaneously (after 40 and 60 days) with an increase in lipid peroxidation levels, therefore suggesting the role of this enzyme in ROS generation and oxidative stress.…”

“…Catalase activity is found to be higher in organs of animals exposed to MWs (22,25).We also found higher catalase activity in irradiated animals. Catalase activity may be elevated as compensatory mechanism in animals exposed to MWs, due to microwave induced oxidative stress.…”

“…It has been proved that oxidative stress develops in response to microwave radiation exposure (18)(19)(20)(21). Studies have also demonstrated that antioxidants such ascaffeic acid phenyl ester, n-acetyl cysteineandepigallocatechin-gallateprevent oxidative stress caused by microwave exposure inanimal liver (22,23).…”

Ameliorative Effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester on an Eccentric Exercise-Induced Skeletal Muscle Injury by Down-Regulating NF-kB Mediated Inflammation

“…CAPE displays a variety of biological activities including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-carcinogenesis [2,3,4]. In the context of inflammation- and oxidative stress-associated disorders, CAPE has been shown to reduce the ischemia/reperfusion-induced tissue injury in the retina, ovary, and brain [5,6,7]; it has also been shown to protect animals against oxidative stress-induced renal dysfunction and liver damage [8,9], as well as ameliorate myocardial infarction and bacterial-induced gastritis [10,11]. The underlying molecular mechanism(s) of action of CAPE has not been clearly revealed.…”