The Protection of Cultural Heritage Sites from Geo-Hazards: The PROTHEGO Project

Themistocleous, Kyriacos; Cuca, Branka; Αγαπίου, Άθως; Lysandrou, Vasiliki; Tzouvaras, Marios; Hadjimitsis, Diofantos G.; Kyriakides, Phaedon; Kouhartsiouk, Demetris; Margottini, Claudio; Spizzichino, Daniele; Cigna, Francesca; Crosta, Giovanni B.; Frattini, Paolo; Merodo, J. A. Fernández

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48974-2_11

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In Europe, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Union (EU) have supported a large range of projects that have demonstrated the feasibility of space technologies to monitor geohazards across the continent, although primarily those affecting cities. Examples of such projects include ESA-Terrafirma (2003 -2012) (Adam et al, 2009), EU-FP7-Subcoast (2010 -2013) (Gruijters & van der Krogt, 2013), EU-FP7-PanGeo (2011 -2014) (Capes, 2012) and EU-FP7-PROTHEGO (2015 -2018) (Themistocleous et al, 2016). Satellite-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) has played a central role in all of these projects as it is capable of measuring and monitoring a wide range of geohazards including landslides (Bayer et al, 2017), tectonics (Colesanti et al, 2003) and volcanology (Hooper et al, 2004), in addition to ground motion associated with anthropogenic activity such as oil and gas operations (Castelletto et al, 2013), carbon capture and storage (Rohmer et al, 2015), mining (Gee et al, 2017), civil engineering works (Marshall et al, 2018) and groundwater abstraction (Boni et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National geohazards mapping in Europe: Interferometric analysis of the Netherlands

Gee

Sowter

Grebby

et al. 2019

Engineering Geology

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The launch of Copernicus, the largest Earth Observation program to date, is significant due to the regular, reliable and freely accessible data to support space-based geodetic monitoring of physical phenomena that can result in natural hazards. In this study, wide area interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) capability is demonstrated by processing 435 Copernicus Sentinel-1 C-Band SAR images (May 2015 -May 2017) using the Intermittent Small Baseline Subset (ISBAS) method to produce a wide-area-map (WAM) covering 53,000 km 2 of the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany. The ISBAS-WAM contains over 19 million measurements, achieving a ground coverage of 94%. The retrieval of measurements over soft surfaces (i.e. agricultural fields, forests and wetlands) was crucial due the dominance of non-urban land cover. A statistical analysis of the velocities reveals that intermittently coherent measurements in rural areas can provide reliable, additional deformation information with a very high degree of confidence (5σ), which spatially correlates to known deformation features associated with compressible soils, infrastructure settlement, peat oxidation, gas production, salt mining and underground and opencast mining. The spatial distribution of deformations concurs with independent data sources, such as previous persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) deformation maps, models of subsidence and settlement susceptibility, and quantitatively with GPS measurements over the Groningen gas field.Remotely derived deformation products, with near complete spatial coverage, provide a powerful screening tool for mitigation and remediation of geological and geotechnical issues to help in the protection of assets, property and life. The ISBAS-WAM demonstrates that routine generation of such products on a continental scale is now theoretically achievable, given the establishment of the Copernicus programme and the development of state-of-the-art InSAR methods, such as ISBAS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National geohazards mapping in Europe: Interferometric analysis of the Netherlands

Gee

Sowter

Grebby

et al. 2019

Engineering Geology

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“…On the other side, since the date should be used by stakeholders, very often not familiar with advanced technology, there is a need to develop specific end-user interfaces, allowing data visualization and some analysis, without affecting the internal consistency of the information. A clear example of this is the EU project PROTHEGO [80] and other case studies [81], where advanced ground deformation data obtained from satellite imaging can be provided to end-user for the interpretation of geological phenomena.…”

Section: Contribution Of Rs Techniques For Detection Of Criticalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining InfraRed Thermography and UAV Digital Photogrammetry for the Protection and Conservation of Rupestrian Cultural Heritage Sites in Georgia: A Methodological Application

et al. 2020

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The rock-cut city of Vardzia is an example of the extraordinary rupestrian cultural heritage of Georgia. The site, Byzantine in age, was carved in the steep tuff slopes of the Erusheti mountains, and due to its peculiar geological characteristics, it is particularly vulnerable to weathering and degradation, as well as frequent instability phenomena. These problems determine serious constraints on the future conservation of the site, as well as the safety of the visitors. This paper focuses on the implementation of a site-specific methodology, based on the integration of advanced remote sensing techniques, such as InfraRed Thermography (IRT) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based Digital Photogrammetry (DP), with traditional field surveys and laboratory analyses, with the aim of mapping the potential criticality of the rupestrian complex on a slope scale. The adopted methodology proved to be a useful tool for the detection of areas of weathering and degradation on the tuff cliffs, such as moisture and seepage sectors related to the ephemeral drainage network of the slope. These insights provided valuable support for the design and implementation of sustainable mitigation works, to be profitably used in the management plan of the site of Vardzia, and can be used for the protection and conservation of rupestrian cultural heritage sites characterized by similar geological contexts.

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“…In the past decade, studies have demonstrated the power of InSAR as a tool for the deformation monitoring of cultural heritage structures, which can complement traditional geodetic measurements [21][22][23][24][25]. Since the topography phase and deformation phase are mixed in the InSAR signal [26], it is necessary to introduce external digital elevation models (DEM) in the differential operation of InSAR to mitigate the topography-related phase [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the Residual Topography Phase for the Robust Landscape Deformation Monitoring of Architectural Heritage Sites in Mountain Areas: The Pseudo-Combination SBAS Method

Chen

Zhou

et al. 2022

Remote Sensing

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Monitoring deformation of architectural heritage sites is important for the quantitative evaluation of their stability. However, deformation monitoring of sites in mountainous areas remains challenging whether utilizing global navigation satellite system (GNSS) or interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) techniques. In this study, we improved the small baseline subset (SBAS) approach by introducing the pseudo-baseline combination strategy to avoid the errors caused by inaccurate external DEM, resulting in robust deformation estimations in mountainous areas where the architectural heritage site of the Great Wall is located. First, a simulated dataset and a real dataset were used to verify the reliability and effectiveness of the algorithm, respectively. Subsequently, the algorithm was applied in the landscape deformation monitoring of the Shanhaiguan section of the Great Wall using 51 Sentinel-1 scenes acquired from 2016 to 2018. A thematic stability map of the Shanhaiguan Great Wall corridor was generated, revealing that the landscape was generally stable save for local instabilities due to to unstable rocks and wall monuments. This study demonstrated the capabilities of adaptive multitemporal InSAR (MTInSAR) approaches in the preventive landscape deformation monitoring of large-scale architectural heritage sites in complex terrain.

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The Protection of Cultural Heritage Sites from Geo-Hazards: The PROTHEGO Project

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

National geohazards mapping in Europe: Interferometric analysis of the Netherlands

National geohazards mapping in Europe: Interferometric analysis of the Netherlands

Combining InfraRed Thermography and UAV Digital Photogrammetry for the Protection and Conservation of Rupestrian Cultural Heritage Sites in Georgia: A Methodological Application

Reducing the Residual Topography Phase for the Robust Landscape Deformation Monitoring of Architectural Heritage Sites in Mountain Areas: The Pseudo-Combination SBAS Method

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