The properties of an UV curable support material pre-polymer for three dimensional printing

Huang, Bing; Mo, Jinhan; Liu, Houcai; Liu, Haitao

doi:10.1007/s11595-010-2278-y

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The growth of metal chalcogenides in the form of thin films, especially metal sulfides has attained much technological interest owing to their possible use in modern optoelectronic devices [1,2] biological applications and solar energy [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Many deposition techniques have been employed to deposit thin films of metal sulfides including metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) [9], aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) [10,11], chemical precipitation [12], plasma source ion sulfuration [7], thermal spray [13], electro-deposition [8,14], hydrothermal method [5], sputtering [15,16] and chemical bath deposition (CBD) [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of mackinawite FeS thin films from acidic chemical baths

Akhtar

Alenad

Malik

2015

Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing

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a b s t r a c tThe growth of monophasic iron sulfide thin films onto glass substrates has been achieved by chemical bath deposition at acidic values of pH. Powder X-ray diffraction (p-XRD) confirms the deposition of tetragonal FeS (mackinawite) with preferred orientation along (001) plane. The crystallite size estimated by Scherrer equation was found to be 14 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows the formation of nanoflakes as base layer and nanoflowers as top layer. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis of the deposited iron sulfide thin films shows the iron to sulfur ratio close to 1:1 confirming the deposition of FeS. UV-vis absorption spectroscopy showed a blueshift due to the nanosize crystallites FeS with a band gap of 1.87 eV.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of mackinawite FeS thin films from acidic chemical baths

Akhtar

Alenad

Malik

2015

Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing

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“…The main variables that controls this process are the monomer concentration (M) or carbon double bond (͓C ϭ C͔), absorbed light intensity (I a ), quantum yield of initiation or quantum efficiency (). In addition, kp is the constant of propagation and kt is the constant of termination (Jacobs, 1992;Fouassier and Rabek, 1993;Brandrup et al, 1999;Andrzejewska, 2001;Matyjaszewski and Davis, 2002;Sangermano et al, 2002;Marple and Lowder, 2003;Hague et al, 2004;Odian, 2004;Zhiwei et al, 2006;Volpato, 2007;Li et al, 2009;Gibson et al, 2010aGibson et al, , 2010bHuang et al, 2010;Cunico, 2011;Cunico and De Carvalho, 2014):…”

Section: Dynamic Finite Element Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of new additive manufacturing technology based on selective composite formation using finite element method approach

Cunico

Carvalho

2016

RPJ

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Purpose Over the past few years, the number of related research to additive manufacturing (AM) has risen. The selective composite formation (SCF) can also be found among the new technologies that were developed. This technology was first introduced in 2013, and because of its innovative character, there are still many challenges to be overcome. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to present a finite element method which allows to investigate the processing of the material during the selective formation of a composite material based on cellulose and acrylic. Design/methodology/approach In the beginning, we introduced a brand new finite element method approach which is based on light transmittance network and photopolymerisation in transient state. This method is mainly characterised by internal light absorption, transversal reflectance, light transmittance coefficient and photopolymerisation kinetics. The authors defined experimentally the main model coefficients besides investigating the formation of composite material in six case studies. The main variables evaluated in those studies were the number of layers and the number of lines. By the end, the degree of polymer conversion and the preliminary evaluation of adherence between layers were identified in addition to the formation profile of composite material. Findings The presented method evidence that the SCF resulted in a profile of polymerisation which is different from profiles found in vat polymerisation processes. It was shown that the light diffraction increases polymerisation area to outside of laser limits and reduces the penetration depth. It was also exposed that the selective formation of composite material on the top layer interferes with the polymerisation of previous layers and might increase the polymerised area in about 25 per cent per layer. By the end, adherence between layers was evidenced because of a high-pass filter that limited polymer conversion to over 60 per cent. In this case, the adherence between the top layers was provided by the interface between layers, while the deeper layers resulted in a solid formed by composite. Originality/value This paper presents research results related to a very new AM technology and also proposes a new method to characterise this concept. Because of this new analytic approach, the process planning can be simulated and optimised, in addition to being a useful tool for other researches related to photocurable polymers and AM technologies.

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“…Therefore, it is possible to determine the time of material polymerisation for other boundary conditions, such as a different light intensity (Jacobs, 1992;Fouassier and Rabek, 1993;Brandrup et al, 1999;Andrzejewska, 2001;Matyjaszewski and Davis, 2002;Sangermano et al, 2002;Marple and Lowder, 2003;Hague et al, 2004;Odian, 2004;Zhiwei et al, 2006;Volpato, 2007;Li et al, 2009;Gibson et al, 2010a;Huang et al, 2010;Cunico, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of acrylate-based material using a multivariable approach: additive manufacturing applications

Cunico

Carvalho

2014

Rapid Prototyping Journal

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Purpose -Over the last several years, the range of applications for the photopolymerisation process has been steadily increasing, especially in such areas as rapid prototyping, UV inks, UV coats and orthodontic applications. In spite of this increase, there are still several challenges to be overcome when the application concerns materials formulation and their mechanical properties. In this context, the main aim of this work is to outline the contribution of the formulation components for the parameters of the photopolymerisation process and the resultant mechanical properties of the material. Design/methodology/approach -For this research, the authors have applied multivariable analysis methods, which allow the identification of principal conclusions based on experimental results. For the experimental analysis, the authors applied design of experiment, while the material formulation was based on methyl methacrylate as a monomer, Omnrad 2500 as a photoinitiator and trimethylolpropane triacrylate as an oligomer. The authors analysed the photopolymerisation rate, viscosity, mechanical tensile strength, flexural stiffness and softening. These results comprise a multiobjective optimisation study to identify the ideal material formulation for additive manufacturing applications. The values chosen for the materials were the following: the initiator concentration was 2 and 5% wt., the monomer volume was 5 and 10 ml and the oligomer volume was 3 and 5 ml. To analyse the system kinetics and the photopolymerisation rate, the authors identified the polymer conversion rate through a photometric-cumgravimetric method with a wavelength of 390 nm at the peak intensity. For the softening test, the authors identified the stiffness of the material as a function of temperature, characterising the thermal-mechanical behaviour of the material and determining its degree of crystallinity (cross-linking). Additionally, the authors performed an optimisation to maximise the mechanical tensile strength, flexural stiffness, softening temperature and photopolymerisation rate while minimising the viscosity. Findings -Based on these studies, it was possible to identify the influence of the monomer/oligomer ratio and the initiator concentration as function of polymerisation rate, viscosity, mechanical tensile strength, stiffness and softening of the material. It was also possible to determine the photopolymerisation rate in addition to the constants of propagation and termination. As a result of these studies, the authors identified a material formulation that resulted in a softening temperature greater than 708C, while the viscosity of material remained lower than 3 cP. The mechanical ultimate tensile strength was between 10 and 50 MPa, and the stiffness was between 1.6 and 5.8 GPa. The effect of cross-linking on the process highlighted the interaction between the monomer/oligomer ratio and the initiator. The contribution of the initiator and the inhibitor to the polymerisation rate was identified via a numerical model, which allows the predi...

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The properties of an UV curable support material pre-polymer for three dimensional printing

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Synthesis of mackinawite FeS thin films from acidic chemical baths

Synthesis of mackinawite FeS thin films from acidic chemical baths

Analysis of new additive manufacturing technology based on selective composite formation using finite element method approach

Development of acrylate-based material using a multivariable approach: additive manufacturing applications

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