The pronounced seasonality of global groundwater recharge

Jasechko, Scott; Birks, S. J.; Gleeson, Tom; Wada, Yoshihide; Fawcett, Peter J.; Sharp, Zachary D.; McDonnell, Jeffrey J.; Welker, Jeffrey M.

doi:10.1002/2014wr015809

Cited by 298 publications

(284 citation statements)

References 174 publications

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“…However, if the location of accumulated snow is far away from channels, or the snowfall amount is large, it will take longer for meltwater to run off than the frozen soil thaws. In these cases, a part of snow infiltrates into the ground and later is available for evaporation (Dripps, 2012;Jasechko et al, 2014). In fact, it may be more suitable to introduce as effective available water for evapotranspiration, where k is a loss parameter requiring further investigation.…”

Section: Limitation Of Revised Budyko Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of snow ratio on annual runoff within the Budyko framework

Zhang

Cong

et al. 2015

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract.A warmer climate may lead to less precipitation falling as snow in cold seasons. Such a switch in the state of precipitation not only alters temporal distribution of intra-annual runoff but also tends to yield less total annual runoff. Long-term water balance for 282 catchments across China is investigated, showing that a decreasing snow ratio reduces annual runoff for a given total precipitation. Within the Budyko framework, we develop an equation to quantify the relationship between snow ratio and annual runoff from a water-energy balance viewpoint. Based on the proposed equation, attribution of runoff change during the past several decades and possible runoff change induced by projected snow ratio change using climate experiment outputs archived in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) are analyzed. Results indicate that annual runoff in northwestern mountainous and northern highlatitude areas are sensitive to snow ratio change. The proposed model is applicable to other catchments easily and quantitatively for analyzing the effects of possible change in snow ratio on available water resources and evaluating the vulnerability of catchments to climate change.

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Section: Limitation Of Revised Budyko Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of snow ratio on annual runoff within the Budyko framework

Zhang

Cong

et al. 2015

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…7). Seasonally higher recharge in spring for the basins could be due to additional sources of snowmelt from winter (DJF) P which tend to melt at the beginning of spring when temperature is sufficient to melt but not high enough to lose a lot of water from evaporation (Dunne and Leopold, 1978;Clark and Fritz, 1997;Ajami et al, 2012;Jasechko et al, 2014) in addition to rain occurring in spring time. Several field monitoring studies in Sweden (Rodhe, 1981), Idaho (Flerchinger et al, 1992), and the United States mid-west (Delin et al, 2007;Dripps, 2012) have also found that the spring snowmelt constitutes the bulk of annual groundwater recharge at the middle latitudes examined here.…”

Section: Seasonality Of Rechargementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing potential recharge estimates from three Land Surface Models across the western US

Niraula

Meixner

Ajami

et al. 2017

Journal of Hydrology

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a b s t r a c tGroundwater is a major source of water in the western US. However, there are limited recharge estimates in this region due to the complexity of recharge processes and the challenge of direct observations. Land surface Models (LSMs) could be a valuable tool for estimating current recharge and projecting changes due to future climate change. In this study, simulations of three LSMs (Noah, Mosaic and VIC) obtained from the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS-2) are used to estimate potential recharge in the western US. Modeled recharge was compared with published recharge estimates for several aquifers in the region. Annual recharge to precipitation ratios across the study basins varied from 0.01% to 15% for Mosaic, 3.2% to 42% for Noah, and 6.7% to 31.8% for VIC simulations. Mosaic consistently underestimates recharge across all basins. Noah captures recharge reasonably well in wetter basins, but overestimates it in drier basins. VIC slightly overestimates recharge in drier basins and slightly underestimates it for wetter basins. While the average annual recharge values vary among the models, the models were consistent in identifying high and low recharge areas in the region. Models agree in seasonality of recharge occurring dominantly during the spring across the region. Overall, our results highlight that LSMs have the potential to capture the spatial and temporal patterns as well as seasonality of recharge at large scales. Therefore, LSMs (specifically VIC and Noah) can be used as a tool for estimating future recharge in data limited regions.

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“…Seasonal snowpack provides predictable melt timing and volumes in the spring, which influences streamflow timing, surface water and groundwater availability (Berghuijs et al, 2014;Jasechko et al, 2014;Stewart et al, 2005). Reliable spring snowmelt also provides a strong control on vegetation phenology and productivity in many 20 ecosystems (Parida and Buermann, 2014;Trujillo et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Now You See It Now You Don’t: A Case Study of Ephemeral Snowpacks in the Great Basin U.S.A.

Petersky

Harpold

2018

Preprint

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Ephemeral snowpacks, or those that routinely experience accumulation and ablation at the same time and persist for <60 days, are challenging to observe and model. Using 328 site years from the Great Basin, we show that ephemeral snowmelt delivers water earlier than seasonal snowmelt. For example, we found that day of peak soil moisture preceded day of last snowmelt in the Great Basin by 79 days for shallow soil moisture in ephemeral snowmelt compared to 5 days for seasonal snowmelt. To 5 understand Great Basin snow distribution, we used moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Snow Data Assimilation System (SNODAS) data from water years 2005-2014 to map snow extent. During this time period snowpack was highly variable. The maximum seasonal snow cover was 64 % in 2010 and the minimum was 24 % in 2014. We found that elevation had a strong control on snow ephemerality, and nearly all snowpacks over 2500 m were seasonal. Snowpacks were more likely to be ephemeral on south facing slopes than north facing slopes at elevations above 2500 m. Additionally, we 10 used SNODAS-derived estimates of solid and liquid precipitation, melt, sublimation, and blowing snow sublimation to define snow ephemerality mechanisms. In warm years, the Great Basin shifts to ephemerally dominant as the rain-snow transition increases in elevation. Given that snow ephemerality is expected to increase as a consequence of climate change, we put forward several challenges and recommendations to bolster physics based modeling of ephemeral snow such as better metrics for snow ephemerality and more ground-based observations. 15 IntroductionSeasonal snowmelt supplies water to one-sixth of the world's population, which supports one-fourth of the global economy (Barnett et al., 2005;Sturm et al., 2017). Seasonal snowpack provides predictable melt timing and volumes in the spring, which influences streamflow timing, surface water and groundwater availability (Berghuijs et al., 2014;Jasechko et al., 2014;Stewart et al., 2005). Reliable spring snowmelt also provides a strong control on vegetation phenology and productivity in many 20 ecosystems (Parida and Buermann, 2014;Trujillo et al., 2012). Despite the importance of seasonal snow to water supplies, much of the world's snow is ephemeral, which means it melts and sublimates throughout the snow cover season instead of having one consistent period of snowmelt. Even small shifts from seasonal to ephemeral snowpack due to regional warming could disrupt 1 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-749 Manuscript under review for journal Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discussion started: 8 January 2018 c Author(s) 2018. CC BY 4.0 License. snowmelt timing in ways that could alter summer productivity, soil temperature, and soil moisture regimes Harpold and Molotch, 2015;Jefferson, 2011;Parida and Buermann, 2014;Regonda et al., 2005;Stielstra et al., 2015;Trujillo et al., 2012). A shift from seasonal to ephemeral snowpacks will also have negative implications for the wi...

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The pronounced seasonality of global groundwater recharge

Cited by 298 publications

References 174 publications

Effects of snow ratio on annual runoff within the Budyko framework

Effects of snow ratio on annual runoff within the Budyko framework

Comparing potential recharge estimates from three Land Surface Models across the western US

Now You See It Now You Don’t: A Case Study of Ephemeral Snowpacks in the Great Basin U.S.A.

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