“…Currently, 3D metal halide perovskites are one of the most widely investigated photovoltaic semiconductor materials with a general formula of ABX 3 , where the A is an organic or inorganic short-chain cation (like methylammonium (MA + ), formamidinium (FA + ), or cesium (Cs + )), B is a divalent metal cation (like Pb 2+ and Sn 2+ ), and X is a halogen anion (like I − , Br − , or Cl − ). 31 The [BX 6 ] 4− octahedra connect each other through the corner-sharing mode to form an isotropic inorganic framework, where B-site cations occupy the center of the octahedra, A-site cations fill the voids between the inorganic frameworks and the X-site halogen ions with strong electronegativity are accommodated at the corners of the octahedra. 32 With the extra introduction of bulky organic cations, the original chemical bonds between octahedra are destroyed and lower-dimensional structures are formed instead.…”