The Promises and Challenges of Indigenous Self-Determination

Abstract

The promises and challenges of indigenous selfdeterminationThe Sami case THE INDIGENOUS ARCTIC: COMMONALITIES AND DIFFERENCESThe Arctic is currently experiencing profound transformations. Rapid climate change in an era of increased globalization is perceived by a range of global actors to be opening up new economic opportunities. These changes are the most apparent drivers in the current debate on Arctic governance. 1 The Arctic is no doubt a wide and open space, but it is, however sparsely, already populated. An important concern is therefore to ensure that the debate on Arctic governance gives sufficient attention to those who are already there: the debate must include a salient focus on indigenous peoples and other permanent residents of the Arctic. Indigenous claims for self-

Is Indigeneity like Ethnicity? Theorizing and Assessing Models of Indigenous Political Representation

“…Unlike ethnic minorities, whose political representation is aimed at increasing the legitimacy, efficacy and trust of existing state structures or the broader nation-state enterprise, Indigenous peoples’ objectives for political representation are typically to reacquire Indigenous control over Indigenous affairs and to establish an egalitarian relationship with non-Indigenous states and peoples (Borrows, 2000). Indigenous autonomy presupposes not only an element of self-government but also extensive relations with other existing state institutions and peoples both within and outside of Indigenous territories (Broderstad, 2011). The claim to Indigenous self-determination is not usually one of further Indigenous alienation; instead, it is a claim that implies a focus on “shared destiny and reciprocal dependency” (Broderstad, 2011: 898).…”

“…Indigenous autonomy presupposes not only an element of self-government but also extensive relations with other existing state institutions and peoples both within and outside of Indigenous territories (Broderstad, 2011). The claim to Indigenous self-determination is not usually one of further Indigenous alienation; instead, it is a claim that implies a focus on “shared destiny and reciprocal dependency” (Broderstad, 2011: 898). The principle of recognition can thus be reframed as one of sharedness and of mutuality, rather than a simple extension to participate in existing state power structures.…”

“…Indigenous groups seek a principle of recognition that secures mutuality and consent of their right to self-determination symbolically, as well as a principle of protection that secures this right by way of substantial, enforceable and binding guarantees (Murphy, 2004). For many Indigenous groups, the embedding of these guarantees into settler state constitutions fosters their sense of protection, granting them leverage in both domestic and international spheres (Broderstad, 2011). Constitutional recognition of Indigenous identities, rights and sovereignties provides one means by which these peoples can seek protection and redress by invoking the very institutions of the colonial settler state (Dubois and Saunders, 2013).…”

“…First, the Sámi Act (1987) legislated several protections of Sámi language, culture and community life, including the establishment of a Sámi parliament. Second, in 1988, the Norwegian constitution was amended to require Norwegian authorities to facilitate the protection of Sámi culture, language and way of life (Semb, 2005; Broderstad, 2011). Little changed for more than 15 years, until the Finnmark Act in 2005 provided for a new resource management regime between the Sámi and the Norwegian state.…”

Gerakan Masyarakat Adat Sami Dan Kontestasi Sumber Daya Alam

“…Panjang aliran sungai ini mencapai 130 km dan menyimpan potensi perikanan air tawar berupa persediaan ikan salmon yang mencapai 30.000kg/tahun. Berkat sumber daya ikan tersebut, Sungai Alta berperan dalam perikanan komersil dan juga sebagai tujuan pariwisata (Andersen, et.al., 1985, 318 (Broderstad, 2011;Andersen et al, 1985, 318). Kasus ini memberikan peluang untuk mempertanyakan kembali prosedur serta aturan dalam pembuatan kebijakan dalam ranah lingkungan dan manajemen sumber daya.…”