The Promise of Racial and Ethnic Protective Factors in Promoting Ethnic Minority Youth Development

Neblett, Enrique W.; Rivas‐Drake, Deborah; Umaña‐Taylor, Adriana J.

doi:10.1111/j.1750-8606.2012.00239.x

Cited by 482 publications

(582 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…As summarized by Neblett, Rivas-Drake, and Umaña-Taylor (2012), there are many mechanisms by which cultural assets such as ethnic-racial identity can protect youth.…”

Section: Can We Prevent the Potential Negative Effects Of Ethnic-racimentioning

confidence: 99%

A Post-Racial Society in Which Ethnic-Racial Discrimination Still Exists and Has Significant Consequences for Youths’ Adjustment

Umaña‐Taylor

2016

Curr Dir Psychol Sci

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168

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Ethnic and racial minority youths in the United States are at risk for experiencing unfair treatment and other forms of marginalization based on their ethnic-racial background. The current article discusses the prevalence of perceived ethnic-racial discrimination among ethnic-racial minority children and adolescents in the United States, provides an overview of the potentially negative consequences of such experiences for youth, and explains how youths' ethnicracial identity may protect against the negative effects of ethnic-racial discrimination.

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“…As summarized by Neblett, Rivas-Drake, and Umaña-Taylor (2012), there are many mechanisms by which cultural assets such as ethnic-racial identity can protect youth.…”

Section: Can We Prevent the Potential Negative Effects Of Ethnic-racimentioning

confidence: 99%

A Post-Racial Society in Which Ethnic-Racial Discrimination Still Exists and Has Significant Consequences for Youths’ Adjustment

Umaña‐Taylor

2016

Curr Dir Psychol Sci

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168

161

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“…The presence of a strong racial/ethnic identity, conferred in part through racial/ethnic socialization by parents, has been found to be protective against the negative impact of discrimination (Neblett et al, 2008, 2012). For adolescents, however, racial/ethnic socialization and racial/ethnic identity development are still in progress (Boykin and Toms, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental histories of perceived racial discrimination and diurnal cortisol profiles in adulthood: A 20-year prospective study

Adam

Heissel

Zeiders

et al. 2015

Psychoneuroendocrinology

163

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Perceived racial discrimination (PRD) has been associated with altered diurnal cortisol rhythms in past cross-sectional research. We investigate whether developmental histories of PRD, assessed prospectively, are associated with adult diurnal cortisol profiles. One-hundred and twelve (N = 50 Black, N = 62 White) adults from the Maryland Adolescent Development in Context Study provided saliva samples in adulthood (at approximately age 32 years) at waking, 30 min after waking, and at bedtime for 7 days. Diurnal cortisol measures were calculated, including waking cortisol levels, diurnal cortisol slopes, the cortisol awakening response (CAR), and average daily cortisol (AUC). These cortisol outcomes were predicted from measures of PRD obtained over a 20-year period beginning when individuals were in 7th grade (approximately age 12). Greater average PRD measured across the 20-year period predicted flatter adult diurnal cortisol slopes for both Black and White adults, and a lower CAR. Greater average PRD also predicted lower waking cortisol for Black, but not White adults. PRD experiences in adolescence accounted for many of these effects. When adolescent and young adult PRD are entered together predicting cortisol outcomes, PRD experiences in adolescence (but not young adulthood) significantly predicted flatter diurnal cortisol slopes for both Black and White adults. Adolescent, but not young adult PRD, also significantly predicted lower waking and lower average cortisol for Black adults. Young adult PRD was, however, a stronger predictor of the CAR, predicting a marginally lower CAR for Whites, and a significantly larger CAR for Blacks. Effects were robust to controlling for covariates including health behaviors, depression, income and parent education levels. PRD experiences interacted with parent education and income to predict aspects of the diurnal cortisol rhythm. Although these results suggest PRD influences on cortisol for both Blacks and Whites, the key findings suggest that the effects are more pervasive for Blacks, affecting multiple aspects of the cortisol diurnal rhythm. In addition, adolescence is a more sensitive developmental period than adulthood for the impacts of PRD on adult stress biology.

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“…Extensive research on cultural socialization has highlighted the utility of Black parents (and other ethnic minorities) talking with their children about issues of race, ethnicity, and culture [Hughes, Rodriguez, Smith, Johnson, Stevenson, & Spicer, 2006;Neblett, Rivas-Drake, & Umaña-Taylor, 2012]. Preparing them for the bias and discrimination they will experience in life, and that the majority culture tends to view their group negatively, can provide the psychological tools necessary to deflect the harmful effects of internalizing the master narrative [e.g., Sellers, Copeland-Linder, Martin, & Lewis, 2006].…”

Section: Case Examples Of Master Narrativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal, Master, and Alternative Narratives: An Integrative Framework for Understanding Identity Development in Context

2015

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In this paper we propose a model for examining personal identity development that moves attention from a relatively exclusive examination of the individual to an examination of the intersection between self and society. We propose that a master narrative model of identity development allows researchers to: (a) align the study of culture and individual on the same metric of narrative, (b) investigate the processes of negotiating personal and cultural narratives, the latter of which are embedded within the structures of society, and (c) investigate the internalization of those structures in personal identities. In laying out this model we define a narrative approach to identity development, five principles for defining master narratives (ubiquity, utility, invisibility, rigidity, and their compulsory nature), three types of master narratives (life course, structural, and episodic), and case examples of each type. This model brings attention to the interaction between self and society, as well as to the constraints on individual agency to construct a personal identity. We conclude by raising questions that emerge out of this framework that we hope will inspire future work on the relationship between self and society in the study of identity development.

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The Promise of Racial and Ethnic Protective Factors in Promoting Ethnic Minority Youth Development

Cited by 482 publications

References 119 publications

A Post-Racial Society in Which Ethnic-Racial Discrimination Still Exists and Has Significant Consequences for Youths’ Adjustment

A Post-Racial Society in Which Ethnic-Racial Discrimination Still Exists and Has Significant Consequences for Youths’ Adjustment

Developmental histories of perceived racial discrimination and diurnal cortisol profiles in adulthood: A 20-year prospective study

Personal, Master, and Alternative Narratives: An Integrative Framework for Understanding Identity Development in Context

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