The Promise of Peacekeeping: Protecting Civilians in Civil Wars

Carnegie, Allison; Mikulaschek, Christoph

doi:10.1017/s0020818320000442

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…They also suggest that robust peacekeeping forces can impose physical barriers between combatants and civilian targets, making violence a less attractive way for armed factions to extract support or resources from local citizens. Carnegie and Mikulaschek (2020) also find that peacekeeping is strongly related to less violence against civilians when one looks at all UN peacekeeping missions deployed to ongoing conflicts between 1989 and 2010. What is particularly noteworthy about this study is that it deals with difficult endogeneity and selection bias issues by using an instrumental variable approachin this case, variation in Security Council membership.…”

Section: Reducing Civilian and Combatant Killing In Civil Warmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Extraordinary Relationship between Peacekeeping and Peace

Walter

Howard

Fortna

2020

Brit. J. Polit. Sci.

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Numerous empirical studies have examined the role of third-party peacekeeping in reducing violence around the world. Their results reveal an extraordinary relationship between peacekeepers and peace, notwithstanding a number of well-known problems. This review article has three goals. The first is to summarize the results of past empirical research to move the debate beyond the question of whether peacekeeping works to the more pressing questions of how, when and why it works. The second is to reveal the limitations of the current quantitative research in order to identify areas in which scholars can make big, new contributions to the field. The final goal is to propose a new research agenda that is heavily evaluative – one that informs policy makers about the specific practices, mission compositions, and mandates that work, and identifies the local, regional, and international conditions that amplify or diminish peacekeeping's effectiveness. This type of research could help reduce the costs of peacekeeping operations, eliminate some of the negative consequences of interventions and save even more lives.

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Section: Reducing Civilian and Combatant Killing In Civil Warmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Extraordinary Relationship between Peacekeeping and Peace

Walter

Howard

Fortna

2020

Brit. J. Polit. Sci.

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“…shows that member states use their position on the Security Council to influence where UN peacekeepers are posted (Mikulaschek 2017;Carnegie and Mikulaschek 2020). However, these theories apply to political elites and armed groups rather than citizens disputing over local issues.…”

Section: Impartiality Conditions Effectiveness Of Local-level Peacekeepingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peace is in the Eye of the Beholder: How Perceptions of Impartiality Shape Peacekeeping Outcomes

Nomikos¹

2021

Preprint

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Despite the abundance of evidence that UN peacekeepers limit armed group violence during and after civil wars, we know relatively little about the ability of these peacekeepers to contain more localized forms of violence between non-state actors. Given the rise in atrocities and mass displacements from communal violence across theAfrican continent over the past few years, evaluating the effectiveness of peacekeepingat this level is a pressing concern. This article demonstrates that peacekeeping troopsprevent the onset of communal violence. I use data from a survey experiment conducted in Mali to show that the likely explanation for the e?ffectiveness of UN peacekeepers is that locals see them as impartial. I discuss the implications for understanding the effectiveness of UN peacekeepers from di?erent cultural backgrounds. The paper concludes that UN peacekeepers may limit the outbreak of communal violence even in the most challenging settings.

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“…In the longer term, the local peacekeeping presence lowers the level of rebel violence but does not protect citizens from governmental violence (Fjelde 2018: 103). In fact, its ability to curb governmental violence is institutionally restricted because its conduct is based on state consent (Carnegie et. al.…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Success from Below: The Social Legitimacy of the United Nations among Populations Exposed to its Peacekeeping Operations

Diman

2020

Preprint

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The success of peacekeeping forces is both a topic of heated debate and a central theme in the literature on international peacekeeping. Most existing answers to this question rely on onedimensional macro-measures of effectiveness, such as battle fatalities. This paper proposes another perspective that is based on the point of view of local residents in countries that host United Nations peacekeepers. It argues that their support is an indicator of success, since they evaluate the institutional effectiveness of the peacekeepers they are exposed to. Using an aggregation of longitudinal data from the World Values Survey (N=25,196), and original data on the exposure to peacekeepers collected from the United Nations archives, we offer a unique, systematic and cross-national measurement of the local legitimacy of peacekeeping forces.Results from a multilevel, mixed-effects, linear model show significantly lower levels of confidence in the United Nations and higher levels of demand for the accountability of its forces in countries with an active peacekeeping operation. The level of confidence has a strong and negative correlation with the size of the mission, even when controlled for varied ideological explanations and for confidence extrapolation. The paper contributes to an ongoing debate on international peacekeeping and to research on the legitimacy of international organizations.Acknowledgments: The author would like to thank Arie Kacowicz, Daniel Wajner and Georgina Y. Johnson for comments on earlier drafts of the paper. All of the responsibility on its contents are on the author alone.

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The Promise of Peacekeeping: Protecting Civilians in Civil Wars

Cited by 23 publications

References 36 publications

The Extraordinary Relationship between Peacekeeping and Peace

The Extraordinary Relationship between Peacekeeping and Peace

Peace is in the Eye of the Beholder: How Perceptions of Impartiality Shape Peacekeeping Outcomes

Measuring Success from Below: The Social Legitimacy of the United Nations among Populations Exposed to its Peacekeeping Operations

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