The prominent proteins expressed in healthy gingiva: a pilot exploratory tissue proteomics study

Abstract

Gingiva is a unique tissue which protects the underlying periodontal tissues from consistent mechanical and bacterial aggressions. Molecular analysis of gingiva is likely to improve our understanding of the underlying biological processes at work. The aim of this preliminary exploratory study is to analyze the proteomic profile of healthy gingiva and to detect prominently expressed proteins. Gingival tissue samples were obtained from periodontally healthy individuals who underwent surgical crown lengthening procedure. After protein isolation, two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) gels were prepared for each sample and only protein spots common to all gels were selected to eliminate the bias caused by the effect of individuals on proteomic profile. Following the 2DE; in-gel tryptic digestion and MALDI-TOF/TOF steps were performed for protein identifications. Forty-seven proteins were successfully identified. The identified proteins were classified based on their classes, molecular functions and involvements in biological processes and metabolic pathways. Among them, 14-3-3 protein sigma, Protein DJ-1, Alpha-enolase, Triosephosphate isomerase, Superoxide dismutase, Peroxiredoxin-1, Protein S100-A9, Galectin-7, Annexin A2/A4, Carbonic anhydrase 1 and chaperone proteins are worthy of attention. The proteomic profile of the gingiva reflected its highly dynamic characteristics. Despite complexity of the gingival tissue proteome, 2DE was an effective approach in studying the common protein expression profile of the gingiva. Considering the significance of gingiva in the formation of periodontal diseases, it is important to generate a detailed proteome map of gingival tissue to set up a bridge between molecular events and the disease formation. This study established an initial proteome map of the gingival tissue from healthy individuals.

Pressure Cycling Technology Assisted Mass Spectrometric Quantification of Gingival Tissue Reveals Proteome Dynamics during the Initiation and Progression of Inflammatory Periodontal Disease

“…The entirety of proteomics findings has suggested that affected gingival tissue during progression contained a defense response that was regulated by many proteins and through various pathways and networks. Although we could not find any earlier data regarding the global quantitative proteome of mouse gingiva, the number of identified or quantified proteins in this study was considerably higher than that reported earlier in the human gingival tissue or the gingiva of mini pigs . The mouse genome reportedly encodes 48 709 genes, of which about one half are protein coding (22 018 genes) .…”

“…Usual protein isolations from gingival tissues have been performed using mechanical and biochemical disruption strategies, including freeze–thawing, homogenization, sonication, or bead beating . In the field of tissue proteomics, the pressure cycling technology (PCT), using a barocycler instrument, is one of the emerging sample preparation methods.…”

“…Usual protein isolations from gingival tissues have been performed using mechanical and biochemical disruption strategies, including freeze-thawing, homogenization, sonication, or bead beating. [26][27][28][29] In the field of tissue proteomics, the pressure cycling technology (PCT), using a barocycler instrument, is one of the emerging sample preparation methods. This method uses alternating cycles between atmospheric and ultra-high pressure to achieve effective physical tissue disruption, [30] tissue solubilization, and fast proteolytic digestion of proteins into peptides.…”

Proteomic profile of root canal contents in teeth with post‐treatment endodontic disease

“…, Yaprak et al . ), but only three have studied the protein composition in cases of endodontic infections (Nandakumar et al . , Provenzano et al .…”

Elevated levels of 8‐OHdG and PARK7/DJ‐1 in peri‐implantitis mucosa

“…To the best of our knowledge, there are no data on 8-OHdG levels in tissues affected by peri-implantitis, therefore we could not compare our results with the literature. PARK7/DJ-1 was identified in the healthy gingiva,36 however, data on its role in peri-implant and periodontal diseases are unavailable. It has been demonstrated that PARK7/DJ-1 attenuates the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in microglia and astrocytes 37.…”