The progress of silver nanoparticles in the antibacterial mechanism, clinical application and cytotoxicity

Abstract

Nanotechnology is a highly promising field, with nanoparticles produced and utilized in a wide range of commercial products. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been widely used in clothing, electronics, bio-sensing, the food industry, paints, sunscreens, cosmetics and medical devices, all of which increase human exposure and thus the potential risk related to their short- and long-term toxicity. Many studies indicate that AgNPs are toxic to human health. Interestingly, the majority of these studies focus on the interaction of the nano-silver particle with single cells, indicating that AgNPs have the potential to induce the genes associated with cell cycle progression, DNA damage and mitochondrial associated apoptosis. AgNPs administered through any method were subsequently detected in blood and were found to cause deposition in several organs. There are very few studies in rats and mice involving the in vivo bio-distribution and toxicity, organ accumulation and degradation, and the possible adverse effects and toxicity in vivo are only slowly being recognized. In the present review, we summarize the current data associated with the increased medical usage of nano-silver and its related nano-materials, compare the mechanism of antibiosis and discuss the proper application of nano-silver particles.

Silver Nanoparticles Induced RNA Polymerase-Silver Binding and RNA Transcription Inhibition in Erythroid Progenitor Cells

“…16,57,58 ROS might then cause secondary injuries, such as a blockade of signal transduction cascades, protein degradation, and cytoskeleton disruption. 59,60 In the current study, we did not observe significant ROS induction in MEL cells upon nAg treatment at various concentrations over time ( Figure S5A); however, there was still significant inhibition on globin transcription ( Figure S5B, P < 0.05), suggesting the inhibition of nAg on RNA polymerase activity is independent of ROS.…”

Antiviral activity of mycosynthesized silver nanoparticles against herpes simplex virus and human parainfluenza virus type 3

“…15,22 These studies showed potential antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. 14,19,[23][24][25] Any metal nanoparticle could be evaluated for antiviral activity; however, little effort has already been devoted to the determination of nanoparticle's antiviral activity and their interactions with viruses.…”

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles mediated by Pulicaria glutinosa extract

“…20,21 In particular, the outstanding antimicrobial properties of Ag NPs have led to the development of a wide variety of nanosilver products, including nanosilver-coated wound dressings, contraceptive devices, surgical instruments, and implants. 22,23 Apart from these antimicrobial activities, Ag NPs are also known to possess antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-angiogenesis, and antiplatelet properties. [24][25][26] Additionally, more recent developments have seen Ag NPs used in room spray, laundry detergent, and wall paint formulations as well as in the textile industry for clothing manufacturing.…”