“…Other challenges also require continuous research and exploration, such as biocompatibility of materials, selection of light collection devices, and seamless coupling of biological and nonbiological components (Cestellos-Blanco et al, 2020). In addition to light energy, electrical energy can also be used to produce energy carriers, such as formate, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methanol, methane, and so on (Chen H. et al, 2020). In a pioneer study, a genetically engineered autotrophic microorganism, Ralstonia eutropha H16, produced higher alcohol levels in an electric bioreactor that used CO 2 as the sole carbon source and electricity as the sole energy input.…”