The prognostic relevance of angiogenesis and mast cells in squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus

Elpek, Gülsüm Özlem; Gelen, Tekinalp; Aksoy, Nazif Hikmet; Erdoğan, Abdullah; Dertsiz, Levent; Demircan, Abid; Keles, Nigar

doi:10.1136/jcp.54.12.940

Cited by 174 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…These findings were in stark contrast to those which were reported in previous studies which were done on various tumours [21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…However, Oleiveira-Neto HH et al found the MCD to be lower in OSCC and in premalignant lesions as compared to that in the normal controls [22]. They attributed it to the migration failure of the mast cells, which possibly reflected a modification in the microenvironment during the tumour initiation and progression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The density of the mast cells in a tissue was studied by using histochemical stains like toluidine blue and [5] alcian blue [2] and immunohistochemically [20] by using mast cell tryptase, heparin, chymase, and carboxypeptidase A. The present study employed the quantification of the mast cells in the area of the 'hot spots'.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Angiogenesis has been known to aid in the progression and the metastasis of many malignant tumours which include tumours of the lung [2], breast [3], oesophagus [4,5] and the oral cavity [6 -12].The induction of angiogenesis is mediated by several stimulatory and inhibitory molecules which are released by both the tumour and the host cells and it depends on a net balance between the stimulatory angiogenic and the inhibitory anti-angiogenic factors [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the various host immune cells, the mast cells have been implicated in tumour progression because they promote angiogenesis [5,14]. To examine the relationship between the mast cell density and the histological grade of OSCC, we analyzed the mast cell density (MCD) in different grades of OSCC and compared it with that of the normal mucosa by using the 1% Toluidine blue stain as the mast cells stain metachromatically with Toluidine blue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Relevance of Mast Cells in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cheema¹,

Ramesh²,

Balamurali³

2012

JCDR

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Context:The commonly occurring oral neoplasm -Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) has an association with the chronic inflammation in the adjacent connective tissue. Mast cells are the local residents of the connective tissue. They are said to be pro inflammatory and immune-amplifying in action and they produce mitogenic cytokines. They exhibit a phenotypic plasticity with a change in the microenvironment, thus making the role of the mast cells in this disease even more intriguing. Mast cells have also been reported to play a role in tumour progression and metastases by promoting angiogenesis.Aims: The present study aimed at comparing the Mast Cell Density (MCD) in the Normal Oral Mucosa (NM) and among the various grades of OSCC and at analyzing the possible role of the mast cells. Settings and Design:The MCD was assessed by using the 1% Toluidine blue stain in a study sample of 102 cases of different grades of OSCC and in 07 cases of clinically normal oral mucosa.Statistical Analysis Used: By using the Student's 't' test and one way ANOVA, the Mast Cell Density (MSD) was found to be significantly higher in well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and in moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma as compared to that in the poorly differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma (P=< 0.01) which was significant at a 1% level. The Spearman's Rank Correlation Co-efficient revealed a significant correlation between the density of the mast cells and the increasing grade of the OSCC. Conclusions:These findings denote that as the squamous cell carcinoma enters the poorly differentiated state, there may be some change which is reflected as a decrease in the mast cell density.

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“…These findings were in stark contrast to those which were reported in previous studies which were done on various tumours [21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Relevance of Mast Cells in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cheema¹,

Ramesh²,

Balamurali³

2012

JCDR

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Immunohistochemistry and oxygen saturation endoscopic imaging reveal hypoxia in submucosal invasive esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

et al. 2023

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BackgroundHypoxic microenvironment is prominent in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, it is unclear whether ESCC becomes hypoxic when it remains in the mucosal layer or as it invades the submucosal layer. We aimed to investigate whether intramucosal (Tis‐T1a) or submucosal invasive (T1b) ESCC becomes hypoxic using endoscopic submucosal dissection samples.MethodsWe evaluated the expression of hypoxia markers including hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α), carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) by H‐score and vessel density by microvessel count (MVC) and microvessel density (MVD) for CD31 and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) with immunohistochemical staining (n = 109). Further, we quantified oxygen saturation (StO2) with oxygen saturation endoscopic imaging (OXEI) (n = 16) and compared them to non‐neoplasia controls, Tis‐T1a, and T1b.ResultsIn Tis‐T1a, cccIX (13.0 vs. 0.290, p < 0.001) and GLUT1 (199 vs. 37.6, p < 0.001) were significantly increased. Similarly, median MVC (22.7/mm2 vs. 14.2/mm2, p < 0.001) and MVD (0.991% vs. 0.478%, p < 0.001) were markedly augmented. Additionally, in T1b, the mean expression of HIF‐1α (16.0 vs. 4.95, p < 0.001), CAIX (15.7 vs. 0.290, p < 0.001), and GLUT1 (177 vs. 37.6, p < 0.001) were significantly heightened, and median MVC (24.8/mm2 vs. 14.2/mm2, p < 0.001) and MVD (1.51% vs. 0.478%, p < 0.001) were markedly higher. Furthermore, OXEI revealed that median StO2 was significantly lower in T1b than in non‐neoplasia (54% vs. 61.5%, p = 0.00131) and tended to be lower in T1b than in Tis‐T1a (54% vs. 62%, p = 0.0606).ConclusionThese results suggest that ESCC becomes hypoxic even at an early stage, and is especially prominent in T1b.

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Acceleration of tumor growth and peri‐tumoral blood clotting by imatinib mesylate (Gleevec™)

Samoszuk

Corwin

2003

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec™) inhibits the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in chronic granulocytic leukemia. Previous studies have demonstrated that imatinib mesylate also inhibits the survival and functions of normal mast cells by interfering with the receptor tyrosine kinase for stem cell factor (SCF), c-kit, which is expressed by mast cells. Because mast cells extensively surround many types of cancer and contain powerful anticoagulants such as heparin, we investigated the effects of imatinib mesylate on blood clotting and tumor growth within subcutaneous implants of a mammary adenocarcinoma cell line (4T1) in BALB/c mice. After 5 days of oral treatment with 10 mg/kg of the drug, the average mass of the tumors in treated mice (198 ؎ 42 mg, n ‫؍‬ 5) was significantly (p < 0.05) greater than the average mass of the tumors from untreated (control) mice (60 ؎ 23 mg, n ‫؍‬ 5). Moreover, the tumors in the treated mice were frequently surrounded by large lakes of clotted blood that were not evident in tumors from the control mice. Accelerated growth and blood clotting were also observed in tumor-bearing mice treated with heparinase I enzyme to destroy endogenous mast cell heparin and in NDST-2 knockout mice in which there is a targeted disruption in the gene coding for mast cell heparin synthesis. We conclude that imatinib mesylate accelerated the growth and peri-tumoral blood clotting of implants of mammary adenocarcinoma in mice. These results suggest that imatinib mesylate may have significant effects on mast cells infiltrating tumors, in addition to its other biologic activities. Our results also indicate that the mechanism of this effect may be related to the anticoagulant properties of mast cell heparin.

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The prognostic relevance of angiogenesis and mast cells in squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus

Abstract: Conclusions-These findings support the suggestion that MVD is a reliable prognostic marker in SCC of the oesophagus. Moreover, MCD may have a role in the angiogenesis of these tumours and might be responsible for their aggressive behaviour. (J Clin Pathol 2001;54:940-944)

Cited by 174 publications

References 33 publications

The Relevance of Mast Cells in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The Relevance of Mast Cells in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Immunohistochemistry and oxygen saturation endoscopic imaging reveal hypoxia in submucosal invasive esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Acceleration of tumor growth and peri‐tumoral blood clotting by imatinib mesylate (Gleevec™)

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