The prognostic effect of PNN in digestive tract cancers and its correlation with the tumor immune landscape in colon adenocarcinoma

Abstract

Background The present study investigated the expression, mutation, and methylation profile of PNN and its prognostic value in digestive tract cancers. The disparities in signaling pathways and the immune landscape in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) based on PNN expression were specifically explored. Methods The expression, mutation, methylation levels of PNN, and survival data in esophageal cancer, gastric adenocarcinoma, COAD, and rectal adenocarcinoma were evaluated using several bioinformatic databases. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed to investigate the enriched biological functions and pathways in COAD. Several acknowledged bioinformatic algorithms were employed to assess the correlation between PNN expression and the tumor immune landscape in COAD. Results PNN was upregulated and remarkably related to tumor stage in digestive tract cancers. High expression of PNN was positively associated with poor progression‐free survival and overall survival time, specifically in COAD. PNN expression was identified as an independent prognostic factor in COAD. GO and GSEA analyses revealed that PNN participates in multiple biological processes underlying carcinogenicity in COAD. Further investigation showed that PNN expression was significantly associated with tumor‐infiltrating immune cells, immune cell functions, and several immune checkpoints in COAD. The PNN low expression group had a lower tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score and a higher immunophenoscore (IPS), indicating a better response to immunotherapy. Conclusion PNN was highly expressed in digestive tract cancers and could act as an independent prognostic factor and a response predictor for immunotherapy in COAD.

Construction of a B cell-related gene pairs signature for predicting prognosis and immunotherapeutic response in non-small cell lung cancer

“…For instance, PD-L1 expression and TMB scores have been demonstrated to be independently associated with the efficacy of ICIs and can be used to guide ICIs treatment in our clinical practice. Likewise, TIDE methods are widely used for immunotherapeutic prediction and have been proven to have impressive predictive performance in various cancers (34,(66)(67)(68). The relationship between above mentioned ICIs-related biomarkers and BRGPs signature was investigated in this study.…”

A novel investigation into an E2F transcription factor‐related prognostic model with seven signatures for colon cancer patients

“…We identified a total of seven predictive signatures, namely, CDKN2A, GSPT1, PNN, POLD3, PPP1R8, PTTG1 and RFC1. Some reports have linked the CDKN2A, GSPT1, PNN, POLD3, PPP1R8 and PTTG1 genes to colon cancer [32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. For example, the mutation of K-ras in colonic adenomas is associated with the methylation of CDKN2A, a key cell cycle regulatory gene [32,33].…”

“…GSPT1 plays a crucial role in the G1 to S phase transition, and highly expressed GSTP1 contributes to colon cancer oncogenesis and progression [34]. An immunotherapy effect of colon adenocarcinoma may be predicted by the desmosome-associated PNN gene, which is involved in cellular adhesion [35]. POLD3 rs3824999 is associated with susceptibility to We also generated a cluster-specific prognostic curve of overall survival.…”