The profitability of transporting uncomminuted raw materials in Finland

Ranta, T.; Rinne, Samuli

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.11.012

Cited by 86 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…For the given period, the highest number of articles was published in 2013 (16 articles) followed by 2005 (15) (Figure 1). Hence, the interest seems to be growing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annotated Bibliography of the Global Literature on the Secondary Transportation of Raw and Comminuted Forest Products (2000–2015)

Koirala

Kizha

Hoop

et al. 2018

Forests

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Secondary transportation of raw and comminuted forest products is a major component in forest harvesting operations in terms of economics, public perception, and safety. Consequently, there is a substantial amount of literature on this topic. The existing literature has dealt with many of the technical aspects of transportation with a majority of them focusing on improving supply chain issues; however, there are only few specific to secondary transportation issues in general. This annotated bibliography will help practitioners, researchers, and stakeholders gain a better understanding of the existing literature from 2000 to 2015. To this end, we began by classifying the selected literature into six themes: cost, roads and routes, trucking, efficiency and safety, other modes of transportation, and supply chain and optimization. Woody biomass for bioenergy production was the most researched forest product with respect to transportation. About one-third of the articles were presented in the context of supply chain modeling and optimization. More than half of the studies originated from Europe while the United States had the most publications for any given country. Most articles (16) were published in 2013. Biomass and Bioenergy published the highest number of articles (29) during the timeframe.

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“…For the given period, the highest number of articles was published in 2013 (16 articles) followed by 2005 (15) (Figure 1). Hence, the interest seems to be growing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annotated Bibliography of the Global Literature on the Secondary Transportation of Raw and Comminuted Forest Products (2000–2015)

Koirala

Kizha

Hoop

et al. 2018

Forests

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“…The maximal payload is therefore 24. The mean travelling speed increases asymptotically with increasing transport distance on public road as against forest road [27].…”

Section: Road Transportmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Maximum GVW is 50 t for the truck and trailer, the tare weight for the truck and container is 16 t, while the tare weight for the trailer with container is 7.5 t. The maximum payload and volume is therefore 29 t and 85 m 3 l for the truck and trailer. The solid volume content of chips is set to 40% of the space volume [27]. The time and distance related cost components are the same as for the timber transport above.…”

Section: Road Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One important difference being that the Norwegian bioenergy sector does not have the possibility of using the 25.25 m and 60 t trucks that are permitted in Sweden, or 76 tonners now used in Finland [24]. As truck configuration plays an important role in the feasibility of biomass transport [17,[25][26][27], this study therefore also highlights the drawbacks of limitations on infrastructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systems Analysis of Ten Supply Chains for Whole Tree Chips

Belbo¹,

Talbot²

2014

Forests

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Whole trees from energy thinnings constitute one of many forest fuel sources, yet ten widely applied supply chains could be defined for this feedstock alone. These ten represent only a subset of the real possibilities, as felling method was held constant and only a single market (combustion of whole tree chips) was considered. Stages included in-field, roadside landing, terminal, and conversion plant, and biomass states at each of these included loose whole trees, bundled whole trees or chipped material. Assumptions on prices, performances, and conversion rates were based on field trials and published literature in similar boreal forest conditions. The economic outcome was calculated on the basis of production, handling, treatment and storage costs and losses. Outcomes were tested for robustness on a range of object volumes (50-350 m 3 solid ), extraction distances (50-550 m) and transport distances (10-70 km) using simulation across a set of discrete values. Transport was calculated for both a standard 19.5 m and an extended 24 m timber truck. Results showed that the most expensive chain (roadside bundling, roadside storage, terminal storage and delivery using a 19.5 m timber truck) at 158 € t d −1 was 23% more costly than the cheapest chain (roadside chipping and direct transport to conversion plant with container truck), at 128 € t d −1 . Outcomes vary at specific object volumes and transport distances, highlighting the need to verify assumptions, although standard deviations around mean supply costs for each chain were small (6%-9%). Losses at all stages were modelled, with the largest losses (23) occurring in the chains including bundles. The study makes all methods and assumptions explicit and can assist the procurement manager in understanding the mechanisms at work. OPEN ACCESSForests 2014, 5 2085

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“…Some authors consider that transport costs for longer distances could be kept low if the transport mode is changed, from road to rail and waterway. Shifting the transportation from trucks to trains and ships would make the supply less dependent on distance and they are more environmentally friendly [56,57]. Truck transport of biomass is generally applied for relatively short distances (<100km), train transport is favourable for overland distances exceeding 100 km and ship transport has the highest time dependent costs and therefore, using the waterway is only economic over long distances, exceeding 800 km [58].…”

Section: Effect Of MC Range On Supply Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling moisture content and truck configurations to model and optimise biomass supply chain logistics in Ireland

et al. 2015

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Highlights A linear programming model that optimises wood biomass supply in Ireland. It uses MC to determine harvesting, chipping, storage and transportation costs. It analyses two supply chain scenarios and two truck configurations. Low wood MC increases supply cost due to longer transport distances. Optimal truck loads can be achieved by controlling wood MC. AbstractIn the coming years, Ireland will continue to face an increasing demand for wood biomass as a renewable source of energy. This will result in strained supply/demand scenarios, which will call for new planning and logistics systems capable of optimizing the efficient use of the biomass resources.In this study, a linear programming tool was developed which includes moisture content (MC) as a driving factor for the cost optimisation of two supply chains that use short wood and whole trees from thinnings as material feedstock. The tool was designed and implemented to analyse the impact of moisture content and truck configurations (5-axle and 6-axle trucks) on supply chain costs and spatial distribution of the supply materials. The results indicate that the inclusion of wood chips from whole trees reduces the costs of wood energy supply in comparison with only producing wood chips from short wood to satisfy the demand, with 9.8% and 10.2% cost reduction when transported with 5-axle and 6-axle trucks, respectively. Constraining the MC of the wood chips delivered to the power plant increases both transport and overall supply chain costs, due, firstly to an increase in the haulage distance and secondly, to the number of counties providing the biomass material. In terms of truck configuration, the use of 6-axle trucks resulted in a 14.8% reduction in the number of truckloads and a 12.3% reduction in haulage costs in comparison to the use of 5-axle trucks across the MC scenarios analysed.

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The profitability of transporting uncomminuted raw materials in Finland

Cited by 86 publications

References 2 publications

Annotated Bibliography of the Global Literature on the Secondary Transportation of Raw and Comminuted Forest Products (2000–2015)

Annotated Bibliography of the Global Literature on the Secondary Transportation of Raw and Comminuted Forest Products (2000–2015)

Systems Analysis of Ten Supply Chains for Whole Tree Chips

Controlling moisture content and truck configurations to model and optimise biomass supply chain logistics in Ireland

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