The productivity of some mutants of the pea (Pisum sativum L.) and their hybrids a contribution to the heterosis problem in self-fertilizing species

Abstract

The favourable yielding capacity of a group of X-ray induced Pisum sativum mutants makes them attractive for pea breeding. The fasciated mutant 489C produced as much as 32-92 % more seed than the corresponding values of the initial line during the past 4 years . Mutants 68C and 1201A cannot exploit their favourable properties . After incorporation in different genetic backgrounds the genes in question can be expected to induce better productivity . The small-grained mutant 176A having a very good seed set could be of interest to canning industry . The early flowering mutant 46 cannot be used in practical breeding because of its heterogeneous yield properties in subsequent generations .Hybrids between these mutants were made in order to combine their useful characters . The productivity of these hybrids and their parental lines was studied and compared with the initial line . Hybrids between 176A x 68C and 1201A x 68C did not show heterosis for any characters . Hybrids of all mutants with the fasciated 489C, however, showed a marked heterosis effect for increased vigour and stem length resulting in a conspiciously high seed production .

Induced Mutations in Plant Breeding

“…This is the case in Pisum sativum. This holds also true for the commercial pea variety "Ornamenta" developed by means of a spontaneous fasciated mutant (Gottschalk 1970(Gottschalk , 1972a(Gottschalk , 1976d(Gottschalk , 1977aGottschalk and Milutinovic 1973a, b). Similar observations with a large group of other mutants were made by Glazacheva and Sidorova (1973) and Sidorova (1975, 1981a).…”

“…Mutagens X-rays, neutrons Gamma rays, EI Gamma rays Gamma rays Spontaneous Remarks Higher seed production Normal or increased seed production Commercial varieties "Omamenta" and "Rosakrone" Gottschalk 1970Gottschalk , 1976dGottschalk , 1977a Gottschalk and Milutinovic 1973a,b;Gottschalk and Wolff 1977Gottschalk 1972a, b, 1977c;…”