The Production of Shock by the Prolonged Continuous Injection of Adrenalin in Unanesthetized Dogs

Freeman, Norman E.; Freedman, H. T.; Miller, Catherine

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1940.131.3.545

Cited by 66 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Resistant dogs surviving a second lethal dose of endotoxin had essentially the same plasma catecholamine concentrations that followed the initial injection of endotoxin. Neither the magnitude nor the duration of the epinephrine concentrations approached that necessary for epinephrine intoxication (17,18). Whereas some investigators (19,20) have reported that endotoxin accentuates the vascular action of small amounts of epinephrine, this additive effect has not been observed in endotoxemic dogs (21)(22)(23).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of plasma catecholamine levels with hemodynamic changes in canine endotoxin shock.

Spink¹,

Reddin²,

Zak³

et al. 1966

J. Clin. Invest.

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In the following experiments we attempt to quantitate the range of plasma catecholamine levels during canine endotoxin shock and to clarify some of the mechanisms involved in the changes. Basic to these investigations was a sensitive and reliable method for recovering the amines in plasma, a need that had been reflected in other studies (1-4).The availability of such an assay permitted a series of comparative studies on normal anesthetized animals, on those given varying doses of endotoxin at different rates of administration, on dogs subjected to adrenalectomy and high cervical cord section and then given endotoxin, and on the effects of endotoxin on catecholamine levels in endotoxin-resistant dogs.It was observed that the plasma concentrations of epinephrine were related to the level of the systemic arterial blood pressure although other factors also appeared to affect the amounts. Changes in blood pressure were not correlated with variations in the plasma content of norepinephrine. Repeated challenge with large doses of endotoxin conferred resistance to its lethal action, but this effect was not associated with an alteration in the pattern of the plasma catecholamine response. After cervical cord section shock could be induced in the absence of detectable plasma catecholamine, and under these conditions shock was significantly accelerated.* Submitted for publication June 25, 1965; accepted September 30, 1965. Supported by U. S. Public Health Service research grant AI-04415-04.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of plasma catecholamine levels with hemodynamic changes in canine endotoxin shock.

Spink¹,

Reddin²,

Zak³

et al. 1966

J. Clin. Invest.

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show abstract

“…Freeman, Freedman, and Miller (14) found that under certain conditions, notably shock, the blue dye may escape from the blood stream, as evidenced by failure of the extrapolated dye line to check with subsequent determinations, steep slope of subsequent dye lines, and the presence of dye stained fluid in the tissue spaces, cisterna chyli, pericardial sac, and the lumen of the intestine. In the cases studied, there is no reason to believe that permeability of the vascular tree to the dye existed, because there was no unusual dye line slope and blue staining of transudates was never observed although many were examined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of the Volume of the Blood in Congestive Heart Failure. Relation to Other Measurements in Fifteen Patients

Meneely

Kaltreider²

1943

J. Clin. Invest.

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While the volume of the blood in health is quite constant and closely related to the size, age, and sex of the individual, it has long been recognized that in congestive heart failure, this relationship is disturbed. Therefore, investigations of the volume of the blood in this clinical condition should throw light on the mechanism of normal control of the volume of the blood as well as on the nature of the physiological disturbances involved in heart failure itself. Studies of this nature, summarized by Gibson and Evans (1), indicate that there is an increase in the volume of the blood in this condition. While this generality is well supported, there is a striking variability in individual cases. It appeared likely that this variability might be accounted for if quantitative measurement of factors which might influence blood volume were made at the time of the determination of the blood volume. Since the association between anoxemia and compensatory polycythemia is well established, measurements of arterial and venous oxygen were made and it proved possible to show a rough quantitative relationship between anoxemia and cellular increase. On the other hand, while the statement has been made (1, 2) that there is a positive relationship between the venous pressure and the change in blood volume in congestive heart failure, it was not possible to find such a relationship within this group of severely congested cardiac patients.Although a number of the lines of investigation pursued did not lead to the establishment of any simple correlation with plasma or cell volume changes, these data presented are of interest, not only in themselves, but also because certain interesting relations obtain between them. The results of these studies conducted on cardiac patients are therefore presented in full.1 Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La. MATERIALFifteen patients were selected who had clinical evidence of severe congestive heart failure (class IV). All were dyspneic or orthopneic, all but one had pitting edema, all but one had hepatomegaly, most had chronic passive congestion of the lungs, a few had hydrothorax, several had ascites. The clinical findings in these patients are summarized in Table I. Every effort was made to select uncomplicated cases, who were untreated, or who were in a steady state despite digitalis. Etiology of the heart disease in these cases included rheumatic heart disease, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, thyrotoxicosis, syphilis, and heart disease secondary to pulmonary disease. The duration of failure ranged from a few weeks to several years. Patient number seven had evidence of a moderate degree of renal insufficiency and he also had hemoptysis. None of the others had evidence of chronic blood loss. Five patients were female and ten were male. The average age was 542 years, with one subject in the third decade, five in the fourth decade, four in the fifth, and five in the sixth decades. METHODSThe patient was brought to the laboratory in bed in the post-absorptive state. T...

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“…This is especially true under conditions of shock, and may, in a few instances, lead to recording of a reduction by the monoxide but not by the dye method. The increased rate of dye loss in shock (36) 2. In some abnormal subjects, the dye method tends to give considerably higher values than does the monoxide method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Simultaneous Measurements of the Blood Volume in Man and Dog by Means of Evans Blue Dye, T1824, and by Means of Carbon Monoxide. Ii. Under Abnormal Conditions, Including Secondary Shock 1

Hopper

Winkler²,

Elkinton³

1944

J. Clin. Invest.

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The Production of Shock by the Prolonged Continuous Injection of Adrenalin in Unanesthetized Dogs

Cited by 66 publications

References 0 publications

Correlation of plasma catecholamine levels with hemodynamic changes in canine endotoxin shock.

Correlation of plasma catecholamine levels with hemodynamic changes in canine endotoxin shock.

A Study of the Volume of the Blood in Congestive Heart Failure. Relation to Other Measurements in Fifteen Patients

Simultaneous Measurements of the Blood Volume in Man and Dog by Means of Evans Blue Dye, T1824, and by Means of Carbon Monoxide. Ii. Under Abnormal Conditions, Including Secondary Shock 1

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