The Process of Microbiological Remediation of the Polluted Słoneczko Reservoir in Poland: For Reduction of Water Pollution and Nutrients Management

Abstract

The article discusses the impact of nutrients from sewage on the state of the sewage receiver. Bioremediation was carried out through the use of effective microorganisms. The potential recovery of valuable mineral and organic substances in the form of fertilizers was also examined. The Słoneczko Reservoir is a bathing area and serves many people in the summertime as a place of water recreation. Water quality deteriorated intensively from 2006 as a result of illegal wastewater discharge and the impact of fecal pollution from bathers. The high concentration of nutrients in the water was the cause of the eutrophication process and blooms of cyanobacteria, which pose a threat to human health in the bathing area. The bathing area was also closed many times by sanitary services as a result of exceeding the number of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis in the water. At the bottom of the reservoir, there was a layer of sediments with a thickness of 30–70 cm. Thus, the processes of anaerobic decomposition generated odor, causing nuisance in the reservoir area. Water transparency varied from 30 to 50 cm, due to the accumulation of suspensions and biomass of planktonic algae. The reservoir was subjected to microbiological bioremediation in 2017 and 2018 to polluted water treatment and to reduce the organic content of bottom sediments. Already after the first application of biopreparations putrefactive odors and the eutrophication process disappeared at the end of the 2017 summer season. Bioremediation reduced the value of E. coli and E. feacalis to the acceptable level. After the second application in 2018, the organic fraction of the bottom sediments was reduced to a very low level and the water transparency reached the bottom (maximum depth was 2.2 m) throughout the entire bathing area. The effect of the water remediation was maintained until 2019, and the surface water quality remained at a very good level. An important aspect in this case is also the exploitation of bottom sediments, because they are rich in nutrients and organic matter, and therefore it may have some potential as a fertilizer. The recovery of nutrients can be used in plant or pot production. However, they contain compounds that degrade quickly, causing unpleasant odors and threatening the environment. Thus, they should be managed and handled in an environmentally friendly and sustainable way.

Identification of Urban Water Bodies Ecosystem Services

“…Some UWB require protective activities to prevent their disappearance. In other cases, protection is not sufficient and it is necessary to undertake investments in their maintenance, reclamation, renaturalization, restoration or even creation of completely new water reservoirs (Jakubiak and Panek, 2016b;Mazurkiewicz et al, 2020;Sitarek et al, 2017). Additionally, it should be taken into account that Poland is experiencing water shortages (Kopacz et al 2018).…”

Innovative Aeration and Treatment Technologies Supporting the Process of Revitalization of Degraded Water Reservoirs

“…The toxicological effects of these products may appear also in conditions of strong sediment disturbance and secondary intoxication of the reservoir water (Pottinger et al, 20111;. (Singh, 1982;Hamby, 1996;Ruan et al, 2006;Hadad et al, 2006;Chitrakar et al, 2006;Chmielowski & Slizowski, 2008;Juang et al, 2008;Dąbrowska, 2008;Mingjun et al, 2009;Faulwetter et al, 2009;Xiao et al, 2010;Cao et al, 2012;Dong et al, 2012;Gagnon et al, 2012;Sheng et al, 2012;Zhao et al, 2012;Fan et al, 2013;Bartoszek and Koszelnik, 2015;Nasr and Ismail, 2015;Ateia et al, 2016;Mazur et al, 2016;Kaczor et al, 2017;Wsik et al, 2017;Zawadzki et al, 2017;Mazur and Sitarek, 2020;Mazur, 2020;Mazurkiewicz et al, 2020).…”

Analysis of the Possibility of Management of Curly-Leaf Pondweed for Energetic Purposes

“…One way to prevent water decline is to bring fresh water from rivers [41]. However, this method is rarely feasible, as waters flowing from the catchment are often more polluted than lake waters [42][43][44]. However, it is possible to dispose of aquatic vegetation to reduce the nutrients in the water.…”