An important factor along with the availability of food is its quality. It depends, among other things, on the type of plant protection products used and the method of their application. This manuscript presents research on the possibility of using a shielded band sprayer in field onion cultivation. The shielded band spraying technology presented in this article is the subject of a patent application (application number P.428494-The prototype of the machine was produced in Poland in cooperation with the University of Life Sciences in Poznań). The research consisted in comparing the quantity and quality of the obtained crop, based on various methods of reducing the weed population. The research results indicate that the proposed shielded band spraying technology may affect the food quality (the active substance is not sprayed on onion plants) and profitability of farms (less use of plant protection products).
The production of methane in the anaerobic digestion process is a proven technology, but it is characterized by low cost-effectiveness. The pretreatment of substrates seems to be a promising technology, which may increase the cost-effectiveness of biogas installations. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of the comminution and extrusion of maize silage and maize straw silage on the course and yield of anaerobic digestion. The use of a pretreatment (comminution, extrusion) is justified when its energy balance is positive. The greatest increase in the methane yield per dry matter (12.4%) was observed after the extrusion of maize straw silage at 175 °C. The change in the methane yield resulting from the extrusion of maize silage and maize straw silage at 150 °C was small and amounted to 6.4% and 9%, respectively. The comminution caused an increase in the methane yield and accelerated the fermentation of substrates. The methane yield from maize silage was 38.4%, whereas the yield from maize straw silage was only 8.3%.
This article discusses the technology for doping hydrogen into the fermenter to increase methane production and the amount of energy in the mixture. Hydrogen doping is anticipated to enable more carbon to be applied to produce methane. Hydrogen is proposed to be produced by using excess electricity from, for example, off-peak electricity hours at night. The possibilities of using a mixture of hydrogen and biogas for combustion in boilers and internal combustion engines have been determined. It has been proven that the volumetric addition of hydrogen reduces the heat of combustion of the mixture. Problems arising from hydrogen doping during the methane fermentation process have been identified.
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