The proboscipedia locus of the Antennapedia complex: a molecular and genetic analysis.

Pultz, Mary Anne; Diederich, R. J.; Cribbs, David L.; Kaufman, Thomas C.

doi:10.1101/gad.2.7.901

Cited by 117 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…A similar proposal has been made to explain the brain defects that occur in buttonhead (btd) mutants, although btd is not expressed in NBs of the corresponding brain regions (Younossi-Hartenstein et al, 1997). Molecular characterization of brain neuroblasts Expression of the homeotic gene labial completely covers the anlage of the tritocerebrum We analysed the expression of the homeotic genes proboscipedia (pb) and labial (lab), both members of the ANT-C and known to be expressed in the head ectoderm and in the brain after mid-embryogenesis (Hirth et al, 1998;Pultz et al, 1988). Antibody staining against Pb reveals that at stage 11, the protein is restricted to internal cells of the mandibular segment (presumably mesodermal cells) and to dorsal ectoderm of the maxillary and labial appendages (Pultz et al, 1988) (data not shown).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular markers for identified neuroblasts in the developing brain ofDrosophila

2003

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The Drosophila brain develops from the procephalic neurogenic region of the ectoderm. About 100 neural precursor cells (neuroblasts)delaminate from this region on either side in a reproducible spatiotemporal pattern. We provide neuroblast maps from different stages of the early embryo(stages 9, 10 and 11, when the entire population of neuroblasts has formed),in which about 40 molecular markers representing the expression patterns of 34 different genes are linked to individual neuroblasts. In particular, we present a detailed description of the spatiotemporal patterns of expression in the procephalic neuroectoderm and in the neuroblast layer of the gap genes empty spiracles, hunchback, huckebein, sloppy paired 1 and tailless; the homeotic gene labial; the early eye genes dachshund, eyeless and twin of eyeless; and several other marker genes (including castor, pdm1, fasciclin 2, klumpfuss, ladybird,runt and unplugged). We show that based on the combination of genes expressed, each brain neuroblast acquires a unique identity, and that it is possible to follow the fate of individual neuroblasts through early neurogenesis. Furthermore, despite the highly derived patterns of expression in the procephalic segments, the co-expression of specific molecular markers discloses the existence of serially homologous neuroblasts in neuromeres of the ventral nerve cord and the brain. Taking into consideration that all brain neuroblasts are now assigned to particular neuromeres and individually identified by their unique gene expression, and that the genes found to be expressed are likely candidates for controlling the development of the respective neuroblasts, our data provide a basic framework for studying the mechanisms leading to pattern and cell diversity in the Drosophilabrain, and for addressing those mechanisms that make the brain different from the truncal CNS.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular markers for identified neuroblasts in the developing brain ofDrosophila

2003

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“…The A class Hox Pb is detected in the gnathal segments but has no known function during embryogenesis (Pultz et al, 1988) and has no effect on the expression of optix (not shown).…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following strains were used: (Casanova et al, 1987;Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983;Lewis, 1978;Merrill et al, 1989;Pultz et al, 1988;Riley et al, 1987;Struhl, 1983;Wakimoto and Kaufman, 1981), tsh 2757R8 (Laugier et al, 2005) (Rauskolb et al, 1995), hth P2 (Rieckhof et al, 1997), Df(2R)en and wg CX4 (FlyBase Consortium, 1999). prdGal4,UASAntp,UASUbx,, UAS-optix (Seimiya and Gehring, 2000) and UAS-tsh (Manfroid et al, 2004).…”

Section: Drosophila Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common functions of central and posterior Hox genes for the repression of head in the trunk ofDrosophila

2008

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Hox genes are localised in complexes, encode conserved homeodomain transcription factors and have mostly been studied for their specialised functions: the formation of distinct structures along the anteroposterior axis. They probably derived via duplication followed by divergence, from a unique gene, suggesting that Hox genes may have retained a common function. The comparison of their homeodomain sequences groups Hox proteins into Anterior, Central and Posterior classes, reflecting their expression patterns in the head, trunk and tail, respectively. However, functional data supporting this classification are rare. Here, we re-examine a common activity of Hox genes in Drosophila: the repression of head in the trunk. First, we show that central and posterior Hox genes prevent the expression of the head specific gene optix in the trunk, providing a functional basis for the classification. Loss-offunction mutations of optix affect embryonic head development, whereas ectopic Optix expression strongly perturbs trunk development. Second, we demonstrate that the non-Hox genes teashirt, extradenticle and homothorax are required for the repression of optix and that Wingless signalling and Engrailed contribute to this repression. We propose that an evolutionary early function of Hox genes was to modify primitive head morphology with novel functions specialising the trunk appearing later on.

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“…15). In Drosophila, zen controls all aspects of amnioserosa development; a second copy of zen (z2) is expressed in an identical pattern but is dispensable (16,17). The cells of Zendeficient Drosophila embryos either die or acquire an embryonic fate.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evolutionary origin of the amnioserosa in cyclorrhaphan flies correlates with spatial and temporal expression changes of zen

Rafiqi

Lemke

Ferguson

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

121

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Higher cyclorrhaphan flies including Drosophila develop a single extraembryonic epithelium (amnioserosa), which closes the germband dorsally. In most other insects two extraembryonic epithelia, serosa and amnion, line the inner eggshell and the ventral germband, respectively. How the two extraembryonic epithelia evolved into one is unclear. Recent studies have shown that, in the flour beetle Tribolium and in the milkweed bug Oncopeltus, the homeobox gene zerknü llt (zen) controls the fusion of the amnion with the serosa before dorsal closure. To understand the origin of the amnioserosa in evolution, we examined the expression and function of zen in the extraembryonic tissue of lower Cyclorrhapha. We show that Megaselia abdita (Phoridae) and Episyrphus balteatus (Syrphidae) develop a serosa and a dorsal amnion, suggesting that a dorsal amnion preceded the origin of the amnioserosa in evolution. Using Krü ppel (Kr) and pannier (pnr) homologues of Megaselia as markers for serosal and amniotic tissue, respectively, we show that after zen RNAi all extraembryonic tissue becomes indistinguishable from amniotic cells, like in Tribolium but unlike in Drosophila, in which zen controls all aspects of extraembryonic development. Compared with Megaselia and Episyrphus, zen expression in Drosophila is extended to cells that form the amnion in lower Cyclorrhapha and is down-regulated at the developmental stage, when serosa cells in lower Cyclorrhapha begin to expand. These expression differences between species with distinct extraembryonic tissue organizations and the conserved requirement of zen for serosa development suggest that the origin of an amnioserosa-like epithelium was accompanied by expression changes of zen.Megaselia ͉ Episyrphus ͉ Drosophila ͉ EvoDevo ͉ homology

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The proboscipedia locus of the Antennapedia complex: a molecular and genetic analysis.

Cited by 117 publications

References 75 publications

Molecular markers for identified neuroblasts in the developing brain ofDrosophila

Molecular markers for identified neuroblasts in the developing brain ofDrosophila

Common functions of central and posterior Hox genes for the repression of head in the trunk ofDrosophila

Evolutionary origin of the amnioserosa in cyclorrhaphan flies correlates with spatial and temporal expression changes of zen

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