The problems of adverbs in Zulu

Cheng, Lisa Lai‐Shen; Downing, Laura J.

doi:10.1075/z.189.04che

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In a neutral context, adverbs phrase separately from the clause and each other, (18a), but in the absence of an object, the leftmost adverb appears to phrase with the verb, (18b) (Cheng & Downing 2014 Under the approach taken here, these effects follow. First consider the derivation of (18a), shown below.…”

Section: Too Largementioning

confidence: 91%

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A unified approach to domains in word- and phrase-level phonology

Harðarson

2020

Proc Ling Soc Amer

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This paper discusses parallels between the conditioning of phonological processes at the word- and phrase-level. The approach taken here is a direct reference approach in which apparent mismatches between morphosyntactic domains and phonological domains are derived from the spell-out procedure. The analysis relies on two main ingredients, i) inclusion of the output of spell-out in subsequent cycles, and ii) layering of concatenation. Under (i), the phonological output of spell-out is visible and can be affected, however the internal structure is not. This can yield the effects of phonological domains extending beyond the morphosyntactic domain. Under (ii), processes are specified to apply at either early or late concatenation, where early and late concatenation are determined by the selectional relationship between the elements, limiting the application of phonological processes within the spell-out domain. This is first illustrated by the application of umlauts in Icelandic and then this approach is extended to penultimate vowel lengthening (PVL) in Zulu.

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Section: Too Largementioning

confidence: 91%

“…that the leftmost element phrases with the verb (cf. Cheng & Downing 2014), as the effects follow from the approach taken here. As discussed above, the adverbs are adjoined to VP, and hence subject to spell-out in a previous cycle.…”

Section: Too Largementioning

confidence: 99%

A unified approach to domains in word- and phrase-level phonology

Harðarson

2020

Proc Ling Soc Amer

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“…Although penultimate lengthening is a fairly well-studied phenomenon in southern Bantu languages, and although the three (or more) lengths have been widely noted in the literature, most recent studies of PUL, including those dealing with PUL in Nguni languages, treat it primarily as a binary distinction relevant to the phonology-syntax interface (e.g. Jokweni 1995;Buell 2005;Buell 2006;Cheng & Downing 2007;Donnelly 2009;Cheng and Downing 2014).…”

Section: Penultimate Lengthening In Bantu Languagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penultimate lengthening in isiNdebele: A system and its variations

Aunio,

Crane,

Kerbs

2023

spilplus

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Lengthening of the penultimate syllable in a word, phrase, or utterance is common across Bantu languages, especially in Eastern and Southern Bantu languages. Despite the prevalence of the general phenomenon, there is significant cross-linguistic diversity in how PUL is instantiated. The aim of this paper is to describe the PUL patterns and variation in isiNdebele, a Nguni language spoken in South Africa. IsiNdebele is closely related to Zulu and frequently spoken in situations of intense contact with Zulu, but its realisation of penultimate lengthening nevertheless shows important differences from what has been reported for Zulu and other Nguni languages. In addition, penultimate lengthening in isiNdebele shows significant internal variation, both across speakers and across utterances produced by the same speaker. This variation has implications for both phonological and syntactic analyses of this language: Many studies of phonological phrasing in other Nguni languages use penultimate length as the main phonetic cue for phrase boundaries, but a strict correlation between PUL and phrasing cannot be confirmed for isiNdebele. Lengthening also depends on factors such as speech rate, emphasis, and careful vs. casual speech.

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“…Both Schachter and Shopen (2007) and Cheng and Downing (2014) define the adverb as that part-ofspeech that modifies all other parts-of-speech apart from the noun. The Universal Dependencies (UD) 9 provides a more concrete definition i.e.…”

Section: Adverbs and Adverbial Expressionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ry/Rk-Lex: A Computational Lexicon for Runyankore and Rukiga Languages

Bamutura¹

2021

Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings

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Current research in computational linguistics and NLP requires the existence of language resources. Whereas these resources are available for only a few well-resourced languages, there are many languages that have been neglected. Among the neglected and / or under-resourced languages are Runyankore and Rukiga (henceforth referred to as Ry/Rk). In this paper, we report on Ry/Rk-Lex, a moderately large computational lexicon for Ry/Rk that we constructed from various existing data sources. Ry/Rk are two under-resourced Bantu languages with virtually no computational resources. About 9,400 lemmata have been entered so far. Ry/Rk-Lex has been enriched with syntactic and lexical semantic features, with the intent of providing a reference computational lexicon for Ry/Rk in other NLP (1) tasks such as: morphological analysis and generation; part of speech (POS) tagging; named entity recognition (NER); and (2) applications such as: spell and grammar checking; and cross-lingual information retrieval (CLIR). We have used Ry/Rk-Lex to dramatically increase the lexical coverage of previously developed computational resource grammars for Ry/Rk.

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The problems of adverbs in Zulu

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

A unified approach to domains in word- and phrase-level phonology

A unified approach to domains in word- and phrase-level phonology

Penultimate lengthening in isiNdebele: A system and its variations

Ry/Rk-Lex: A Computational Lexicon for Runyankore and Rukiga Languages

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