The Problem of Influence of Children’s Birth Order in the Family on Their Intellectual Abilities and Personality Traits

Abstract

The article analyses theoretical approaches and empirical research of the influence of the children’s birth order in the family on their intellectual and creative abilities, achievements in education, personality traits, behaviors and social preferences. It is shown that the results of the studies vary depending on the method of data analysis - the effect of decreasing intelligence while increasing the birth sequence number detected when comparing indicators of large numbers of children with different birth order from different families, and generally not detectable in intra-family analysis data. To explain the differences obtained the authors used three basic theoretical models: a model of merge, the model of resource depletion and impurity model. Due to differences in birth order personality traits have more pronounced differences in the cognitive sphere. Research confirms that according to the results of the personal questionnaire «Big five» firstborns display more pronounced «honesty», and younger children-«kindness» and «openness» to experience. Individual work on features of social interaction of senior and subsequent children demonstrated a great ability of younger children to cooperation. Despite the fact that the prognostic significance of identified effects in large samples is not as great as in individual families, results may have practical significance for the pedagogical and psychological work with children.

Социально Важные Личностные Качества Студентов С Различными Сиблинговыми Позициями

“…The issues considered in this article enter the subject area of the sibling problem posed by scientists at the end of the 19th century (Baskaeva, 2021;Zyryanova, 2008;Lapteva, Valueva, & Shepeleva, 2019). From the very beginning, its essence was the assumption of the importance of relationships between siblings for their individual personal development, socialization, and social adaptation.…”

“…How is sibling position related to a person's social status outside the family? Researchers agree that sibling relationships that have developed within the family, continuing into adulthood, determine the quality of relationships in the society where children are included as they grow older and expand socialization (Russ & Vladimirova, 2012;Yakimova, 2013;Alibegashvili, 2019;Lapteva et al, 2019;Baskaeva, 2021).…”

“…In the 21st century, Russian psychologists touched upon such aspects of sibling issues as: a) the influence of birth order on cognitive development, intelligence and other personal characteristics of children (Alekseeva, 2008;Varaksina, 2015;Lapteva et al, 2019). Analysis of statistical data on 224 Nobel laureates of the 20th century showed that 46.9 % of them were first-borns, 18.8 %second-borns, 17.9 % -third-borns; b) the ability for leadership, management behavior, and creative self-realization of young people with different sibling positions in the family (Sai, 2009;Gurova & Surkova, 2012), etc.…”