The Probable Source of Both the Primary Multidrug‐Resistant (MDR) HIV‐1 Strain Found in a Patient with Rapid Progression to AIDS and a Second Recombinant MDR Strain Found in a Chronically HIV‐1–Infected Patient

Blick, Gary; Kagan, Ron M.; Coakley, Eoin; Petropoulos, Christos J.; Maroldo, Laura; Greiger-Zanlungo, Paola; Gretz, Scott; Garton, Trish

doi:10.1086/512240

Cited by 39 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A further challenge is that dual HIV infection may increase disease progression (Gottlieb et al, 2004). Recombination may also lead to the development of more difficult to treat variants, as demonstrated by a recent case in the United States (Blick et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-demographic and drug use factors associated with HIV-1 recombinants and dual infections in Northern Thai drug users: Associations of risk with genetic complexity

Kijak

Beyrer

Tovanabutra

et al. 2011

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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b s t r a c tBackground: Dual infection with diverse HIV strains can foster the emergence of recombinants. The resulting increase in viral genetic diversity is a major challenge for vaccine development HIV treatment. In this study we aim to investigate the socio demographic factors associated with an increasing level of genetic diversity among HIV strains in a population of drug-users in Northern Thailand. Methods: From 1999 through 2000, 2231 volunteers were enrolled in the Opiate-Users Research in Chiang Mai, Thailand. HIV subtype analysis was conducted among those HIV-1 seropositive (n = 347) using a multi-region hybridization assay. Social and demographic variables were assessed using a structured questionnaire.Results: Overall, 336/347 (96.8%) of the samples could be typed. 81.8% were CRF01 AE, 3.9% were subtype B, 9.2% were recombinants (mostly between CRF01 AE and B) and 5.1% were dual infections. Dual infections were more frequent among those with a lower education level (AOR: 5.2; 95% CI 1.4-20.3), those who have initiated injecting in the last 3 years (AOR: 3.9; 95% CI 1.1-14.6), and those reporting frequent needle sharing in the last 3 months (AOR: 7.0; 95% CI 1.5-34.1). Both recombinant strains and dual infection were more frequent among those reporting frequent needle sharing in the last 3 months (AOR: 5.3; 95% CI 1.6-17.1). Conclusion: To limit the expanding complexity of HIV-1 strains, early intervention should be aimed at reduction in needle sharing, especially among new intravenous drug users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-demographic and drug use factors associated with HIV-1 recombinants and dual infections in Northern Thai drug users: Associations of risk with genetic complexity

Kijak

Beyrer

Tovanabutra

et al. 2011

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…These two groups differ in both the psychosocial reasons for methamphetamine use as well as in the type and frequency of high risk sexual behaviors [2,23]. More frequent methamphetamine use has been associated with higher rates of unprotected sexual intercourse, trading sex for money or drugs, and having partners of unknown or serodiscordant HIV status [24][25][26]. But these are risk factors for HIV acquisition, not for TDR [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Methamphetamine Use is Associated with Transmitted Drug Resistance to Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors in Individuals with HIV Infection of Unknown Duration

Moini¹,

Pond²,

Pesano³

et al. 2007

TOAIDJ

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Abstract:Background: Frequent methamphetamine use among recently HIV infected individuals is associated with transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI); however, the reversion time of TDR to drug susceptible HIV may exceed 3 years. We assessed whether recreational substance use is associated with detectable TDR among individuals newly diagnosed with HIV infection of unknown duration.Design: Cross-sectional analysis.Methods: Subjects were enrolled at the University California, San Diego Early Intervention Program. Demographic, clinical and substance use data were collected using structured interviews. Genotypic resistance testing was performed using GeneSeq™, Monogram Biosciences. We analyzed the association between substance use and TDR using bivariate analyses and the corresponding transmission networks using phylogenetic models.Results: Between April 2004 and July 2006, 115 individuals with genotype data were enrolled. The prevalence of alcohol, marijuana and methamphetamine use were 98%, 71% and 64% respectively. Only active methamphetamine use in the 30 days prior to HIV diagnosis was independently associated with TDR to NNRTI (OR: 6.6; p=0.002). Conclusion:Despite not knowing the duration of their HIV infection, individuals reporting active methamphetamine use in the 30 days prior to HIV diagnosis are at an increased risk of having HIV strains that are resistant to NNRTI.

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“…The consequence of uncontrolled resistant viral replication is immunologic failure [21] with cases of multidrug resistant HIV-1 progressing rapidly to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The further potential is then for increasing transmission of resistant strains within a given population [22,23].…”

Section: Importance Of Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Antiretroviral Drug Resistance

Campo¹,

Jamjian

Goulston³

2013

J AIDS Clinic Res

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The Probable Source of Both the Primary Multidrug‐Resistant (MDR) HIV‐1 Strain Found in a Patient with Rapid Progression to AIDS and a Second Recombinant MDR Strain Found in a Chronically HIV‐1–Infected Patient

Cited by 39 publications

References 33 publications

Socio-demographic and drug use factors associated with HIV-1 recombinants and dual infections in Northern Thai drug users: Associations of risk with genetic complexity

Socio-demographic and drug use factors associated with HIV-1 recombinants and dual infections in Northern Thai drug users: Associations of risk with genetic complexity

Active Methamphetamine Use is Associated with Transmitted Drug Resistance to Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors in Individuals with HIV Infection of Unknown Duration

HIV Antiretroviral Drug Resistance

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