The primary volcanic aerosol emission from Mt Etna: Size-resolved particles with SO2 and role in plume reactive halogen chemistry

Roberts, Tjarda; Vignelles, Damien; Liuzzo, Marco; Giudice, Gaetano; Aiuppa, Alessandro; Coltelli, M.; Salerno, Giuseppe; Chartier, Michel; Couté, B.; Berthet, Gwenaël; Lurton, Thibaut; Dulac, François; Renard, Jean‐Baptiste

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2017.09.040

Cited by 36 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…The width and thickness of the plume are approximately equal to 2 km and 500 m, respectively. SO 2 concentration decreases from approximately 210 ppb close to the vent, which is on the same order of magnitude as that observed by Roberts et al () during another passive degassing events of Etna on October 2013, to roughly 10 ppb at 150 km, corresponding approximately to an horizontal loss rate of about 1.3 ppb km −1 . For 16 June 2016 at 8 UTC (Figures b and d), Stromboli plume is located in the MABL and is advected to the Northwest at a constant height (≈150 m a.s.l.).…”

Section: Description and Evaluation Of The Simulation With Available supporting

confidence: 83%

Volcanic Plume Aging During Passive Degassing and Low Eruptive Events of Etna and Stromboli Volcanoes

et al. 2019

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Volcanic gases and aerosols emissions from passive degassing or low eruptive events are now included in most climate models despite large uncertainties still exist about their injection height and their temporal and spatial variability. The aim of this study is to quantify the evolution of the gas and aerosols inside volcanic plumes with high kilometric‐resolution simulations. With online chemistry and aerosols, these simulations are carried out together with in situ measurements of aerosol and gas‐phase properties to assess the impact of Etna and Stromboli volcanic plumes produced by passive degassing and regular Strombolian activity, respectively. Comparison between simulation and observations show that the simulation reproduces the main characteristics of the volcanic plume evolution and confirms that volcanic plumes produced by passive degassing or low eruptive events have a strong impact on cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) formation increasing the number of CCN by a factor of 5. It was also shown that depending on the plume location, the aerosols will act as CCN at different distance from the vent. In the marine atmospheric boundary layer, the aerosols will act as CCN at proximity to the vent (less than 50 km) because of strong condensation sink inhibiting nucleation. In comparison, in the free troposphere, aerosols will act as CCN far from the vent, at more than 200 km. To the best of our knowledge, this study using in situ measurements as well as subkilometric simulations is unique.

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Section: Description and Evaluation Of The Simulation With Available supporting

confidence: 83%

Volcanic Plume Aging During Passive Degassing and Low Eruptive Events of Etna and Stromboli Volcanoes

et al. 2019

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“…The volcanic SA was also observed to be abundant in other volcanic plumes of Etna (Roberts et al, ) and in other locations, that is, Miyaka and Kilauea (Kroll et al, ; Mauldin et al, ). This abundance was found to be variable according to several factors related to SO 2 concentrations and its oxidation rates and meteorological variables, that is, wind speed, temperature, and relative humidity (Kroll et al, ; Roberts et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In the BL, the NPF events were also observed close to the vent of the volcano and with smaller concentrations of ultrafine particles than in the FT. The SO 2 fluxes at Stromboli were reported to be weak (0.15–0.6 kt/day; Burton et al, ), but they remain comparable with those emitted at Etna during passive degassing (0.6–2 kt/day (Aiuppa et al, ; Roberts et al, ). This has been supported by our observations, where we found that SO 2 and SA concentrations were relatively comparable, and the differences in their values in different volcanic plumes of Etna (being passive) and Stromboli are small.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Volcanos emit a wide range of different gases (SO 2 , CO 2 , H 2 O, H 2 S, HF, HBr, etc.) and particle types (ash and aerosol particles formed from condensable vapors and metals; Aiuppa et al, 2006;Bobrowski et al, 2007;Mather, 2015;Roberts et al, 2018;Simpson et al, 1999) into the atmosphere. Volcanic aerosols can scatter the solar radiation back to space contributing to a global cooling effect (direct effect; Albrecht, 1989;Haywood & Boucher, 2000;Robock, 2000) or modify the climatic impacts of clouds (indirect effect; Mather, 2015, and references within) by acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN; Gassó, 2008;Hobbs et al, 1982;Ilyinskaya et al, 2017;Mather, 2015;Mather et al, 2003) or ice nuclei (Hoyle et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two main types of volcanic aerosols present in the atmosphere are either primarily emitted or secondarily formed (Mather, 2015;Mather et al, 2003;Petäjä et al, 2012;Roberts et al, 2018;Robock, 2000). The primary volcanic aerosols are mainly volcanic ash and can have diameters ranging from very fine ash (submicron) to 2 mm according to classic sedimentology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence of New Particle Formation Within Etna and Stromboli Volcanic Plumes and Its Parameterization From Airborne In Situ Measurements

et al. 2019

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Volcanic emissions can significantly affect the Earth's radiation budget by emitting aerosol particles and gas‐phase species that can result in the new particle formation (NPF). These particles can scatter solar radiation or modify cloud properties, with consequences on health, weather, and climate. To our knowledge, this is the first dedicated study detailing how gas‐phase precursors emitted from volcanic plumes can influence the NPF. A series of airborne measurements were performed around the Etna and Stromboli volcanoes within the framework of the CLerVolc and STRAP projects. The ATR‐42 aircraft was equipped with a range of instrumentation allowing the measurement of particle number concentration in diameter range above 2.5 nm and gaseous species to investigate the aerosol dynamics and the processes governing the NPF and their growth within the volcanic plumes. We demonstrate that NPF occurs within the volcanic plumes in the free troposphere (FT) and boundary layer (BL). Typically, the NPF events were more pronounced in the FT, where the condensational sink was up to two orders of magnitude smaller and the temperature was ~20 °C lower than in the BL. Within the passive volcanic plume, the concentration of sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid, and N2.5 were as high as 92 ppbV, 5.65 × 108 and 2.4 × 105 cm−3, respectively. Using these measurements, we propose a new parameterization for NPF rate (J2.5) within the passive volcanic plume in the FT. These results can be incorporated into mesoscale models to better assess the impact of the particle formed by natural processes, that is, volcanic plumes, on climate.

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Retrieval of Volcanic Sulfate Aerosols Optical Parameters from AHI Radiometer Data

Filei,

Girina,

Sorokin

2024

Adv. Atmos. Sci.

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The primary volcanic aerosol emission from Mt Etna: Size-resolved particles with SO2 and role in plume reactive halogen chemistry

Abstract: The primary volcanic aerosol emission from Mt Etna: size-resolved particles with SO 2 and role in plume reactive halogen chemistry, Geochimica et

Cited by 36 publications

References 63 publications

Volcanic Plume Aging During Passive Degassing and Low Eruptive Events of Etna and Stromboli Volcanoes

Volcanic Plume Aging During Passive Degassing and Low Eruptive Events of Etna and Stromboli Volcanoes

Evidence of New Particle Formation Within Etna and Stromboli Volcanic Plumes and Its Parameterization From Airborne In Situ Measurements

Retrieval of Volcanic Sulfate Aerosols Optical Parameters from AHI Radiometer Data

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