Volcanic Plume Aging During Passive Degassing and Low Eruptive Events of Etna and Stromboli Volcanoes

Pianezze, Joris; Tulet, Pierre; Foucart, Brice; Leriche, Maud; Liuzzo, Marco; Salerno, Giuseppe; Colomb, A.; Freney, Evelyn; Sellegri, Karine

doi:10.1029/2019jd031122

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Etna volcanic activity is monitored continuously to estimate SO 2 fluxes and plume injection height (Salerno et al, 2009;Mastin et al, 2009;Sellitto et al, 2016;Salerno et al, 2018). Volcanic gas and aerosol are also subject to numerous physical and chemical evolution processes, such as sulphates production or CCN activation, whose have been recently studied (Sellitto et al, 2017;Guermazi et al, 2019;Pianezze et al, 2019) but are not accounted for in this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New strategies for vertical transport in chemistry-transport models: application to the case of the Mount Etna eruption on March 18, 2012 with CHIMERE v2017r4

Lachâtre¹,

Mailler²,

Menut³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Excessive numerical diffusion is one of the major limitations in the representation of long-range transport by chemistry-transport models. In the present study, we focus on excessive diffusion in the vertical direction, which has been shown to be a major issue, and we explore three possible ways to address this problem: increase vertical resolution, use an advection scheme with antidiffusive properties, and represent more accurately the vertical wind. This study is done with the CHIMERE chemistry-transport model, for the March 18, 2012 eruption of Mount Etna, which has released about 3 kt of sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere into a plume that has been observed by satellite instruments (IASI and OMI) for several days. The change from the classical Van Leer et al., (1977) scheme to the Després and Lagoutière (1999) antidiffusive scheme in the vertical direction has been shown to bring the largest improvement to model outputs in terms of preserving the thin plume emitted by the volcano. To a lesser extent, improved representation of the vertical wind field has also been shown to reduce plume dispersion. Both these changes help reducing vertical diffusion in the model as much as a brute-force approach (increasing vertical resolution).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New strategies for vertical transport in chemistry-transport models: application to the case of the Mount Etna eruption on March 18, 2012 with CHIMERE v2017r4

Lachâtre¹,

Mailler²,

Menut³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The time and altitude profiles for the injection of SO 2 into the atmosphere (Table 2) were obtained using SO 2 flux measurement data from the ground-based DOAS FLAME (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy FLux Automatic MEasurements) scanning network (e.g., Salerno et al, 2018). This method accurately measures SO 2 fluxes during passive degassing and effusive and explosive eruptive activity using a plume height inverted by an empirical relationship between the plume height and wind speed (Salerno et al, 2009). In explosive paroxysmal events, as in the case in this study, the plume is ejected to higher altitudes, and this linear heightwind relationship can not be used.…”

Section: So 2 Emissions From the 18 March 2012 Eruption Of Mount Etnamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This volcano is well monitored and, therefore, allows for detailed model inputs and correlative data to be gathered. This eruption was relatively strong; thus, the resulting volcanic plume was distinctly observed and followed by satellite instruments, permitting the comparison of modeled and observed plumes at different stages of plume evolution over more that 2 d. Moreover, Mount Etna's volcanic activity is monitored continuously to estimate SO 2 fluxes and plume injection heights (Salerno et al, 2009;Mastin et al, 2009;Sellitto et al, 2016;Salerno et al, 2018). Volcanic gases and aerosols are also subject to numerous physical and chemical evolution processes, such as sulfate production or cloud condensation nuclei activation, which have been recently studied (Sellitto et al, 2017;Guermazi et al, 2019;Pianezze et al, 2019) but are not accounted for in this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New strategies for vertical transport in chemistry transport models: application to the case of the Mount Etna eruption on 18 March 2012 with CHIMERE v2017r4

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Excessive numerical diffusion is one of the major limitations in the representation of long-range transport by chemistry transport models. In the present study, we focus on excessive diffusion in the vertical direction, which has been shown to be a major issue, and we explore three possible ways of addressing this problem: increasing the vertical resolution, using an advection scheme with anti-diffusive properties and more accurately representing the vertical wind. This study was carried out using the CHIMERE chemistry transport model for the 18 March 2012 eruption of Mount Etna, which released about 3 kt of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere in a plume that was observed by satellite instruments (the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer instrument, IASI, and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument, OMI) for several days. The change from the classical Van Leer (1977) scheme to the Després and Lagoutière (1999) anti-diffusive scheme in the vertical direction was shown to provide the largest improvement to model outputs in terms of preserving the thin plume emitted by the volcano. To a lesser extent, the improved representation of the vertical wind field was also shown to reduce plume dispersion. Both of these changes helped to reduce vertical diffusion in the model as much as a brute-force approach (increasing vertical resolution).

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“…Airborne measurements were conducted in the frame of the STRAP campaign, on May 15 th and 16 th 2016, in the volcanic plumes of Etna and Stromboli, during passive degassing (Pianezze et al, 2019;Sahyoun et al, 2019). In the present work, we focussed on flight ETNA 13 performed around Etna on May 15 th , with specific attention to the first part of the flight between https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-636 Preprint.…”

Section: Airborne Measurements Performed During the Strap Campaignmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of several proxies to estimate sulfuric acid concentration in volcanic plume conditions

Rissanen¹,

Iyer²,

Duplissy³

et al. 2020

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Abstract. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is commonly accepted as a key precursor for atmospheric new particle formation (NPF). However, direct measurements of [H2SO4] remain challenging, thus preventing the determination of this important quantity, and, consequently, a complete understanding of its contribution to the NPF process. Several proxies have been developed to bridge the gaps, but their ability to predict [H2SO4] in very specific conditions such as those encountered in volcanic plumes (including in particular high sulphur dioxide mixing ratios) has not been evaluated so far. In this context, the main objective of the present study was to develop new proxies for daytime [H2SO4] in volcanic plume conditions and compare their performance to that of the proxies available in the literature. In specific, the data collected at Maïdo during the OCTAVE 2018 campaign, in the volcanic eruption plume of the Piton de la Fournaise, were first used to derive seven proxies based on the knowledge of sulphur dioxide (SO2) mixing ratio, global radiation, condensation sink (CS) and relative humidity (RH). In three of the seven proxies (F1–F3), all variables were given equal weight in the prediction of [H2SO4], while adjusted powers were allowed for the different variables in the other four proxies (A1–A4). Proxies A1–A4 were overall found to perform better compared to F1–F3, with, in specific, improved predictive ability for [H2SO4] > 2 × 108 cm−3. The CS was observed to play an important role in regulating [H2SO4], while, in contrast, the inclusion of RH did not improve the predictions. A last expression accounting for an additional sink term related to cluster formation, S1, was also tested and showed a very good predictive ability over the whole range of measured [H2SO4]. The newly developed proxies were in a second step further evaluated using airborne measurements performed in the passive degassing plume of Etna during the STRAP 2016 campaign. Increased correlations between observed and predicted [H2SO4] were obtained when the dependence of predicted [H2SO4] over CS was the lowest, and when the dependence over [SO2] was concurrently the highest. The best predictions were finally retrieved by the simple formulation of F2 (in which [SO2] and radiation alone were assumed to explain the variations of [H2SO4] with equal contributions), with a pre factor adapted to the STRAP data. All in all, our results illustrate the fairly good capacity of the proxy available in the literature to describe [H2SO4] in volcanic plume conditions, but highlight at the same time the benefit of the newly developed proxies for the prediction of the highest concentrations ([H2SO4] > 2–3 × 108 cm−3). Also, the contrasting behaviours of the new proxies in the two investigated datasets indicate that in volcanic plumes like in other environments, the relevance of a proxy can be affected by changes in environmental conditions, and that location specific coefficients do logically improve the predictions.

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Volcanic Plume Aging During Passive Degassing and Low Eruptive Events of Etna and Stromboli Volcanoes

Cited by 13 publications

References 87 publications

New strategies for vertical transport in chemistry-transport models: application to the case of the Mount Etna eruption on March 18, 2012 with CHIMERE v2017r4

New strategies for vertical transport in chemistry-transport models: application to the case of the Mount Etna eruption on March 18, 2012 with CHIMERE v2017r4

New strategies for vertical transport in chemistry transport models: application to the case of the Mount Etna eruption on 18 March 2012 with CHIMERE v2017r4

Investigation of several proxies to estimate sulfuric acid concentration in volcanic plume conditions

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