The primary indicators method—A practical approach to wetland recognition and delineation in the United States

Tiner, Ralph W.

doi:10.1007/bf03160865

Cited by 39 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Anthropogenic changes to playa hydrology most likely account for the disparities between this and other studies (Guthery et al 1982;Nelson et al 1983;Tiner 1993;Haukos & Smith 1993. Many of these studies were conducted in heavily cultivated areas where vegetation composition is affected by irrigation runoff (Haukos & Smith 1992) which favors the establishment of obligate wetland species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Heterogeneity in shortgrass prairie vegetation: the role of playa lakes

Hoagland

Collins

1997

J Vegetation Science

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Abstract. We examined the role of playa lakes in promoting regional heterogeneity on the southern High Plains. The goals of this paper were to: (1) describe vegetation types and zonation patterns within playas, (2) evaluate patterns of species distribution and abundance within and among playas, and (3) assess patterns of heterogeneity within and among playas on a portion of the southern High Plains. Perennial grasses were the most abundant species in playa vegetation. Playa vegetation exhibited distinct and repeatable vegetation zones at the majority of sites, but the number of distinct zones varied from site to site. Agropyron smithii, Buchloë dactyloides, and Panicum obtusum were the most important species of playa interior zones, and Bouteloua gracilis, Buchloë dactyloides, and Schedonnardus paniculatus were important upland species outside of playas. Species distribution and abundance were positively correlated at 38 of 40 sites. The distributions of species occurrences among sites were unimodal both locally and regionally. The degree of heterogeneity varied from playa to playa. Local heterogeneity within playas was found to increase regional heterogeneity; therefore, playas increase both local and regional heterogeneity of vegetation. Long‐term monitoring will be necessary to understand the spatial and temporal response of vegetation within and among playas to stochastic climatic factors on the southern High Plains of North America.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Heterogeneity in shortgrass prairie vegetation: the role of playa lakes

Hoagland

Collins

1997

J Vegetation Science

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“…The presence of Sphagnum sp. patches in the Stage 0 watershed suggests that riparian wetland areas may be starting to form (Tiner 1993).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Triple Nitrate Isotopes Indicate Differing Nitrate Source Contributions to Streams Across a Nitrogen Saturation Gradient

2015

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Nitrogen (N) deposition affects forest biogeochemical cycles worldwide, often contributing to N saturation. Using long-term (>30-year) records of stream nitrate (NO 3 -) concentrations at Fernow Experimental Forest (West Virginia, USA), we classified four watersheds into N saturation stages ranging from Stage 0 (N-limited) to Stage 3 (Nsaturated). We quantified NO 3 -contributions from atmospheric and microbial sources using d 15 N, d 18 O, and D 17 O of NO 3 -and characterized the concentrations and isotopes of NO 3 -in precipitation. Despite receiving identical atmospheric inputs, the proportions of atmospheric NO 3 -in streams averaged from 7 to 10% in the hardwood watersheds (stages 1, 2, and 3) and 54% in the conifer watershed (Stage 0). This suggests that the hardwood watersheds may be less responsive to future reductions in N deposition than the conifer watershed, at least in the short term. As shown in other studies, atmospheric NO 3 -proportions were higher during stormflow. Despite large proportions of atmospheric NO 3 -in the Stage 0 stream, total atmospheric NO 3 --N flux from this watershed (2.9 g ha -1 ) was lower than fluxes in the other watersheds (range = 117.8-338.5 g ha -1 ). Seasonal patterns of d 15 N-NO 3 -in the hardwood watersheds suggest enrichment of the soil NO 3 -pool during the growing season due to plant uptake. In all watersheds, d 18 O-based mixing models over-estimated atmospheric NO 3 -contributions to streams by up to 12% compared to D 17 O-based estimates. Our results highlight the importance of atmospheric deposition as a NO 3 -source in low-concentration streams and demonstrate the advantage of using D 17 O-NO 3 -over d 18 O-NO 3 -for NO 3 -source apportionment.

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“…In our study, soil texture does not seem to influence the relation between the occurrence of hydrophytes and ground-water levels very much. This raises the question of whether a differentiation of the threshold value according to soil type, as in later manuals, is necessary (Tiner 1993a,b, Watts 1993.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground-water level, moisture supply, and vegetation in the Netherlands

Runhaar

Witte²,

Verburg³

1997

Wetlands

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The goal of this study was to establish quantitative relationships among vegetation, soil, and ground water that can be used in ecological modeling and engineering. To investigate these relationships, we used data from nature conservation areas in the Netherlands where phreatic ground-water levels had been measured in piezometers for at least five years. The species composition and soil composition of sites near these piezometers were described in detail. The data were used to investigate the relationship between the occurrence of hydrophytes and xerophytes versus average ground-water levels and moisture supply. We found that the distinction between sites dominated by hydrophytes and sites dominated by mesophytes coincides with a mean spring ground-water level of 20-30 cm below surface. Dry sites, dominated by xerophytes, can be defined as sites where under grassland cover moisture deficits will be more than 10 mm in an average year.

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The primary indicators method—A practical approach to wetland recognition and delineation in the United States

Cited by 39 publications

References 8 publications

Heterogeneity in shortgrass prairie vegetation: the role of playa lakes

Heterogeneity in shortgrass prairie vegetation: the role of playa lakes

Triple Nitrate Isotopes Indicate Differing Nitrate Source Contributions to Streams Across a Nitrogen Saturation Gradient

Ground-water level, moisture supply, and vegetation in the Netherlands

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