The primary immune response of brown trout (Salmo trutta) to injection with cellular antigens

Abstract

The primary immune response of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) was studied after injections of two cellular antigens-Salmonella typhi H, flagellar antigen d, and human group ' 0 ' Rh+ red blood cells. Both intraperitoneal and intramuscular injections were employed. Agglutinins and complement-fixing antibodies were produced to S. typhi and haemagglutinins to human ' 0 ' red blood cells. Maximum titres to S. typhi were reached after 49 days in the case of both agglutinins and complement-fixing antibody. Haemagglutinins reached a maximum value of 1 : 512 between 35 and 42 days. Haemagglutinins to human ' 0 ' red blood cells were detected as early as 7 days after injection. Antibodies against S. typhi were found after 14days. Natural haemolysins were present against horse, sheep and human groups ' A ', ' B ' and ' AB ' but not with group ' 0 '. No natural haemagglutinins were present to the six types of red blood cells tested. No precipitins were detected to either S. typhi or human ' 0 ' red blood cells by immunodiffusion.

Protein concentration in the serum of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in North‐west England and Northern Ireland

“…Whilst previous studies on salmonids have found mean serum protein concentrations between 3.9 and 8.0 g 100 ml -I (Booke, 19640, b ;Ingram, 1974;Ingram &Alexander, 1977;Meisner & Hickman, 1963;Mulcahy, 1975;Snieszko, Miller & Atherton, 1966), no attempt at such a computation was made in the present work. This was because (i) there was a significant difference between the means for male and female fish, and (ii) within each sex there was a significant difference between the means obtained for each year.…”

The immunoglobulin of the brown trout, Salmo trutta and its concentration in the serum of antigen‐stimulated and non‐stimulated fish

“…Brown trout (1 +, 115-315 mm) were obtained from the Dunsop Bridge Trout Farm, Dunsop Bridge, near Clitheroe, Lancashire and maintained in an air-conditioned room at 11-13" C. The methods of maintenance and transport were as previously reported (Ingram & Alexander, 1977).…”

“…The presence of antibody acitivity in sera and serum fractions was investigated by complement fixation, indirect haemagglutination (IHA) and counter-current electrophoresis (CCE) as described previously (Ingram, 1978;Ingram & Alexander, 1976, 1977.…”

The Primary Immune Response of the Green Toad (Bufo viridis) to Challenge with Crithidia fasciculata

“…Precipitins. Sera were examined for the presence of precipitating antibodies by gel diffusion, countercurrent electrophoresis, and immunoelectrophoresis as previously reported (17,19). In the cases of gel diffusion and countercurrent electrophoresis, the sera were challenged against a sonicated antigen extract ranging in concentration from 0.1-30 mg/ml, and with immunoelectrophoresis the amount was 50 mg/ml.…”

“…The complement fixation test was used to estimate the titers of complement-fixing antibodies in toad sera as previously described (18). The sonicated antigen extract was used at a concentration of 10 mg/ml protein, rabbit hemolysin was diluted 1 : 400 with complement fixation test buffer and ShE were used at a 2% suspension.…”