The price relationship between main-byproduct metals from a multiscale nonlinear Granger causality perspective

Shao, Lei; Hu, Wenqin; Yang, Deqing

doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101846

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The rate of gallium recovery from bauxite has been set to change depending on the dynamic relationship between the gallium price, marginal cost of gallium production, and cutoff gallium concentration. 44 Moreover, an increase in the gallium price could bring some "subsidy" to the aluminum production cost, 52 and thus affect the aluminum production. This, in turn, could further influence the gallium supply potential.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

China Factor: Exploring the Byproduct and Host Metal Dynamics for Gallium–Aluminum in a Global Green Transition

Song

Chang

Sen

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The potential constraints of critical material supply for the global green transition have raised increasing concerns in recent years. As an important "green minor metal", gallium faces such a potential supply risk for two reasons: it is a byproduct of aluminum production, and the forthcoming end of primary aluminum production boom in China, currently the main global aluminum producer, may bring substantial impacts on the global gallium supply. Here, we investigated this byproduct and host metal linkage using a system dynamics based integrated model and characterized the gallium−aluminum dynamics in a green transition up to 2050 across five world regions (i.e., China, the United States, the European Union, Japan, and the rest of the world). Our results reveal varying patterns of gallium demand and supply in different world regions and the significant role of "the China factor" in ensuring a sustainable gallium supply globally. However, the concerns on the gallium supply risk in China for a common green future could be relieved from the coordination of mitigation strategies from both supply (primary and secondary) and demand (e.g., process efficiency improvement and material intensity reduction) sides among all world regions. Our methodological integration of system dynamics, industrial ecology, and economic geology can be extended to other materials.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

China Factor: Exploring the Byproduct and Host Metal Dynamics for Gallium–Aluminum in a Global Green Transition

Song

Chang

Sen

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…First, it provides a yardstick for treating all the variables endogenously (Wang et al, 2020; Benk & Gillman, 2020; Ghysels et al, ; Kin et al, 2020). Second, it helps to decompose the factors into short and long run perspectives, providing information on their dynamic interaction (Mazzarisi et al, 2020; Shao et al, 2020; Wimmer et al, 2020). Third, it provides an avenue to assess the variable's convergence speed to equilibrium and the associated mechanism (Liu et al, 2020; Massa & Rosellón, 2020; Zhao et al, 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Has knowledge improved economic growth? Evidence from Nigeria and South Africa

Shobande

Asongu

2021

Journal of Public Affairs

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This study examines whether knowledge causes economic growth in Africa's two leading economies: Nigeria and South Africa. Using the Vector Autoregressive and Vector Error Correction approach, the findings show cointegration among the variables. The speed of convergence of the variables to their long-term mean values is relatively higher for South Africa than for Nigeria. In the short run, it is observed that knowledge unidirectionally Granger causes growth for Nigeria, whereas bidirectional causality is observed for South Africa. The higher correlation between knowledge and growth in South Africa reflects the success of greater investment in education. Nigeria must increase investment in education and modern infrastructure to converge to South Africa's growth trajectory. Moreover, for Nigeria, (i) knowledge unidirectionally Granger cause growth, (ii) evidence of bidirectional causality flow is apparent between trade, the economic incentive and growth and (iii) health unidirectionally Granger cause knowledge. As for South Africa: (i) there is bidirectional causality between knowledge, trade openness and growth, whereas investment and economic incentive, unidirectionally Granger causes growth, (ii) investment, trade openness and health unidirectionally Granger cause knowledge and (iii) economic incentive unidirectionally Granger cause trade openness. In conclusion, this paper argues that a transformed education system can provide the knowledge base essential for promoting and sustaining economic growth.

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Insight into clean energy market’s role in the connectedness between joint-consumption metals

Zhang,

Li,

Song

et al. 2024

Energy

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The price relationship between main-byproduct metals from a multiscale nonlinear Granger causality perspective

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

China Factor: Exploring the Byproduct and Host Metal Dynamics for Gallium–Aluminum in a Global Green Transition

China Factor: Exploring the Byproduct and Host Metal Dynamics for Gallium–Aluminum in a Global Green Transition

Has knowledge improved economic growth? Evidence from Nigeria and South Africa

Insight into clean energy market’s role in the connectedness between joint-consumption metals

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