The Prevention of Malaria in the Federated Malay States

Watson, Malcolm; Hunter, Philip; Wellington, A. R.; Ross, Ronald

doi:10.1097/00000441-192208000-00020

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…The use of plants to interfere with some phase of the life cycle of mosquitoes was recognized early in this century (Watson 1921). Observations that certain Anopheles spp.…”

Section: Organisms Altering Mosquito Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Development activities in clearing jungle for lumber, agriculture, and settlements gave an important advantage to this species by creating many sun-exposed water sources. The importance of shade as a mechanism for interference with oviposition was recognized, and a program of tree and shrub planting was utilized extensively in many areas to control this species (Watson 1921). According to Covell (1941), shade as a control measure against vector anophelines was practiced extensively in tea estates in southern India as well.…”

Section: Organisms Altering Mosquito Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mosquito management: Ecological approaches

Garcia

1983

Environmental Management

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“…The use of plants to interfere with some phase of the life cycle of mosquitoes was recognized early in this century (Watson 1921). Observations that certain Anopheles spp.…”

Section: Organisms Altering Mosquito Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Organisms Altering Mosquito Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito management: Ecological approaches

Garcia

1983

Environmental Management

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“…En Extrême-Orient, par exemple, l'Anopheles maculatus remplace l'A. umbrosus [Mal colm Watson ;Lamborn (1922)] et en Guyane les gîtes forestiers d'anophèles inoffensifs sont remplacés par des gîtes ensoleillés où abondent VA. tarsimaculatus et l'A. darlingi, tous deux vecteurs du paludisme.…”

Section: -L E S a N O P H è L E Sunclassified

Anophélisme sans paludisme et régression spontanée du paludisme

Brumpt¹

1944

Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp.

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L'étude de ce sujet présente un intérêt considérable pour l'or ganisation scientifique de la lutte contre le paludisme, car, si nous arrivions à déterminer d'une façon précise sous quelles influences cette dernière maladie, autrefois commune dans diverses régions d'Europe, a pu disparaître, nous pourrions nous efforcer de repro duire des conditions semblables qui seraient peut-être très écono miques et certainement efficaces.Le terme de régression spontanée du paludisme est d'ailleurs une expression inexacte, car cette maladie n'a disparu que sous l'in fluence de divers facteurs dépendant de l'activité humaine.La disparition du paludisme est due à la rupture de rapports nécessaires entre les hématozoaires hébergés par les sujets malades, les anophèles vecteurs et les sujets sains qui, une fois inoculés, deviennent des malades, assurant ainsi la perpétuité des parasites paludéens.Avant de discuter les diverses théories émises pour expliquer l'anophélisme sans paludisme dans les conditions actuelles, nous allons nous efforcer d'établir quel est celui des facteurs qui, en disparaissant, a rompu la chaîne endémique et entraîné avec lui la régression du paludisme de certaines régions. Nous allons donc examiner successivement les hématozoaires observés dans ces régions, les anophèles qui s'y rencontrent et leurs rapports avec l'homme ; enfin, les sujets sains susceptibles de devenir des réser voirs de virus.

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“…The data may be tabulated as follows :- The data from a town such as Zanzibar, with thoroughly efficient sanitation even in the native quarter, are necessarily meagre ; they do, however, lend some support to the conclusions reached at Fort Johnston. Data for the Northern Provinces, Nigeria, made available in 1919 by W. B. Johnson 8 show that there also the seasonal prevalence of A. costalis is quite a definite phenomenon. The table afforded shows that during rains sufficiently heavy in July 1917 (as he points out) to wash away larvae there was no increase of costalis.…”

Section: /mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One may quote in this connection the opinion of a distinguished authority-Sir Malcolm Watson. 8 He remarks " A. ludlowi is a carrier of malaria in the fiat land of the Malay Peninsula and elsewhere in Asia. It has been shown, however, that the thorough open drainage required to eliminate it is well within the range of practical sanitation ; so that there is apparently no reason why malaria carried by A. costalis could not be controlled; or if the malaria is carried by A, rossii in Malaya, why it also could not be controlled."…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Seasonal Habit of the common Anophelines of Nyasaland, with a Note on its Relation to the Seasonal Incidence of Malaria

Lamborn¹

1925

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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It is an early experience of the Field Entomologist in the Tropics, whether his work lies in countries such as the East African Protectorates, which have well defined seasons, or where the seasons are less clearly marked, as in the Federated Malay States, that a seasonal prevalence of the commoner insects is quite as definite as it is in the Temperate regions. Outside the Tropics the main factor determining prevalence would seem to be suitability of temperature, but in the Tropics, where temperature variations may be slight, moisture is the controlling factor. Purely terrestrial insects which feed, whether as larvae or imagos wholly on vegetable material, breed and are most abundant at such times as the food-plants are at their best, that is when, as the result of favourable conditions of temperature and moisture, there is a full flow of tissue-building sap. The law of seasonal prevalence is valid also for many insects whose imagos derive their food directly from the larger animals, a source of supply available at all seasons. For these insects, too, the same conditions hold good, but affect chiefly the larvae.

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The Prevention of Malaria in the Federated Malay States

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Mosquito management: Ecological approaches

Mosquito management: Ecological approaches

Anophélisme sans paludisme et régression spontanée du paludisme

The Seasonal Habit of the common Anophelines of Nyasaland, with a Note on its Relation to the Seasonal Incidence of Malaria

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