The Prevalence of Yeast and Characteristics of the Isolates from the Digestive Tract of Clinically Healthy Turkeys

Sokół, Ireneusz; Gaweł, Andrzej; Bobrek, Kamila

doi:10.1637/11780-121117-reg.1

Cited by 20 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…C. glabrata is often found in the environment (Greppi et al, 2015; Morrison-Whittle et al, 2018), while C. albicans is only rarely found outside the mammalian host. Recently some studies showed its presence in chickens and turkeys and on old oaks (Bensasson et al, 2018; Liu et al, 2018; Sokół et al, 2018). The differences in lifestyle between C. albicans and C. glabrata are due to their different genomic evolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugar Sensing and Signaling in Candida albicans and Candida glabrata

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Candida species, such as Candida albicans and Candida glabrata, cause infections at different host sites because they adapt their metabolism depending on the available nutrients. They are able to proliferate under both nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor conditions. This adaptation is what makes these fungi successful pathogens. For both species, sugars are very important nutrients and as the sugar level differs depending on the host niche, different sugar sensing systems must be present. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used as a model for the identification of these sugar sensing systems. One of the main carbon sources for yeast is glucose, for which three different pathways have been described. First, two transporter-like proteins, ScSnf3 and ScRgt2, sense glucose levels resulting in the induction of different hexose transporter genes. This situation is comparable in C. albicans and C. glabrata, where sensing of glucose by CaHgt4 and CgSnf3, respectively, also results in hexose transporter gene induction. The second glucose sensing mechanism in S. cerevisiae is via the G-protein coupled receptor ScGpr1, which causes the activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway, resulting in rapid adaptation to the presence of glucose. The main components of this glucose sensing system are also conserved in C. albicans and C. glabrata. However, it seems that the ligand(s) for CaGpr1 are not sugars but lactate and methionine. In C. glabrata, this pathway has not yet been investigated. Finally, the glucose repression pathway ensures repression of respiration and repression of the use of alternative carbon sources. This pathway is not well characterized in Candida species. It is important to note that, apart from glucose, other sugars and sugar-analogs, such as N-acetylglucosamine in the case of C. albicans, are also important carbon sources. In these fungal pathogens, sensing sugars is important for a number of virulence attributes, including adhesion, oxidative stress resistance, biofilm formation, morphogenesis, invasion, and antifungal drug tolerance. In this review, the sugar sensing and signaling mechanisms in these Candida species are compared to S. cerevisiae.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugar Sensing and Signaling in Candida albicans and Candida glabrata

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…in poultry isolates was conducted by Subramanya et al (25) in chicken flocks. In previous research on yeast occurrence in turkey intestinal tracts, Candida was the most frequently isolated genus (22,23). Among Candida species, C. albicans, C. rugosa, C. catenulata, C. glabrata, C. palmioleophila, and C. krusei were isolated in the present study, which were previously noted as constituents of avian microbiota (4,8,10,12,13,25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The isolates of fungi were obtained from British United Turkeys Big 6, from 58 commercial flocks in western Poland managed by one company in the years 2014-2017, as described previously (22,23). The birds were monitored during the rearing period for gastrointestinal disorders, and there was no case of clinical mycosis of the gastrointestinal tract.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both filamentous fungi and yeasts were isolated from the poultry gastrointestinal tract with Candida species predominating, followed by Trichosporon spp., Geotrichum spp., Rhodotorula spp., and Saccharomyces spp. (18,22,23,25). The best-known yeast species is Candida albicans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen responsible for superficial and mucosal or systemic infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

E-test determination of antifungal susceptibility of Candida species isolated from turkeys

Sokół

Tokarzewski²,

Bobrek

et al. 2020

Journal of Veterinary Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionCandida species are a natural component of the intestinal tract microflora, but in favourable conditions they can cause superficial, mucosal, or even systemic candidiasis. Poultry production might be a source of human drug-resistant yeast infections, including Candida spp. The limited data concerning the antifungal susceptibility of poultry Candida isolates prompted us to carry out research to determine the susceptibility of isolates from turkey intestinal tracts.Method and MaterialsThe beak cavity, crop and cloaca were swabbed of 580 turkeys from 58 flocks in western Poland. The susceptibility tests were conducted using the E-test method with amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole on 52 isolates of C. albicans, C. catenulata, C. glabrata, C. palmioleophila, C. rugosa, C. krusei and C. lusitaniae.ResultsAll isolates were susceptible to voriconazole. According to the MIC values obtained for amphotericin B and fluconazole, all Candida spp. isolates were classified as susceptible according to the described breakpoints except for C. krusei, which was the only isolate that was amphotericin B-, fluconazole- and itraconazole-resistant. The susceptibility to itraconazole varied: 11 of the Candida isolates were susceptible (21.1%), 29 were dose-dependently susceptible (55.8%), and 12 isolates were resistant (23.1%).ConclusionThere are few resistant strains of Candida in turkeys, and the drug resistance varies. When Candida passes from turkeys to humans, there is a wide range of antifungal treatment options.

show abstract

“…echinocandins (Liu et al, 2017;Meletiadis et al, 2016), but there is also some information about elevated caspofungin MIC of C. palmioleophila (Brilhante et al, 2017). C. palmioleophila were found in animal microflora (Sokół et al, 2018) and there are only a few data available on C. palmioleophila as an etiological agent of human infections (Trouvé et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report on echinocandin resistant Polish Candida isolates

Mroczyńska

Brillowska-Dąbrowska

2019

Acta Biochim Pol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: Candida spp. are ranked as one of the four major causative agents of fungal infections. The number of infections caused by Candida species resistant to fluconazole, which is applied as the first line drug in candidiasis treatment, increases every year. In such cases the application of echinocandin is necessary. Echinocandin susceptibility testing has become a routine laboratory practice in many countries due to the increasing frequency of clinical failures during treatment with these drugs. Methods: We performed anidulafungin, micafungin and caspofungin susceptibility testing according to the microdilution broth method on 240 Candida isolates collected in Polish hospitals. Results: We identified 12 isolates resistant to all echinocandins within 240 examined isolates. Moreover, 6 of the examined samples were identified as rare Candida species and among them we observed very high echinocandin MIC values. Conclusion: Our research proves that in Poland there is a problem of echinocandin resistance. Moreover, we identified two species of Candida which are rare causative agents of human infections, and there was no reported incidence of such infections in Poland until now.

show abstract

The Prevalence of Yeast and Characteristics of the Isolates from the Digestive Tract of Clinically Healthy Turkeys

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Sugar Sensing and Signaling in Candida albicans and Candida glabrata

Sugar Sensing and Signaling in Candida albicans and Candida glabrata

E-test determination of antifungal susceptibility of Candida species isolated from turkeys

First report on echinocandin resistant Polish Candida isolates

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About