The prevalence of VAIN, CIN, and related HPV genotypes in Japanese women with abnormal cytology

Abstract

Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN) is often found by chance. We investigated the prevalence of VAIN and related human papillomavirus (HPV) types in comparison with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). This study enrolled 648 women who were referred to the outpatient clinic determined using Genosearch-31 + 4, which can detect 35 different HPV types.Colposcopy was performed at the first visit by an experienced gynecological oncologist. Among 611 subjects with squamous cell lesions, 107 (17.5%) VAIN cases were identified, and 67 (11.0%) women had both VAIN and CIN. Ultimately, 72 VAIN1, 15 VAIN2/3, 203 CIN1, 249 CIN2/3, 32 cervical squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), and one vaginal SCC (Vag-SCC) were identified. The prevalences of VAIN1, VAIN2/3, and Vag-SCC were 35.5%, 6.0%, and 3.1% of equivalent cervical lesions, respectively. The VAIN patients were older than the CIN patients (P = .002). About half of the VAIN cases were diagnosed during the follow-up. Multiple HPV infections were found in 42.9% of the VAIN and CIN patients. HPV52,16, 51, 53, and 56 were the most common types in VAIN, whereas HPV16, 52, 58, 51, and 31 predominated in CIN. HPV18 was rare in VAIN, HPV58 was more common in CIN than in VAIN, and HPV53 and HPV73 were more common in VAIN. In conclusion, VAIN1 was identified more frequently than we expected. Various HPV types were identified in the vagina, which is likely a reservoir for HPV. K E Y W O R D S cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, Genosearch-31 HPV genotyping, human papillomavirus, vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia How to cite this article: Zhang S, Saito M, Yamada S, et al. The prevalence of VAIN, CIN, and related HPV genotypes in Japanese women with abnormal cytology.

HPV Genotyping by Molecular Mapping of Tissue Samples in Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VaIN) and Vaginal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (VaSCC)

“…Another report showed that 93.6% of vaginal intraepithelial lesions (VaINs) are positive for HPV [15]. We have also reported that various HPV types are identified in the vaginal lesions, and HPV is positive in 84% of VaIN1 cases and 100% of VaIN2/3 cases [16]. Highly sensitive HPV testing has shown that most VaIN cases are positive for HPV, although a few cases of VaIN1 have been shown to be negative for HPV [13,16].…”

“…We have also reported that various HPV types are identified in the vaginal lesions, and HPV is positive in 84% of VaIN1 cases and 100% of VaIN2/3 cases [16]. Highly sensitive HPV testing has shown that most VaIN cases are positive for HPV, although a few cases of VaIN1 have been shown to be negative for HPV [13,16]. During the carcinogenic process after HPV infection, in addition to the HPV genotype, the infection site may also be important.…”

“…We have previously reported that multiple HPV types can be frequently identified in the cervical cell samples. 16 However, it has been reported that one HPV type is found in one lesion, including cervical cancer and high-grade SILs (CIN2 or CIN3) [18]. This suggests that scraped cell samples from the cervix are likely to contain different cell populations from various lesions, including the vaginal lesions.…”

Human papillomavirus genotypes and the risk factors associated with multicentric intraepithelial lesions of the lower genital tract: a retrospective study

“…HPV18 was rare in Asian patients with VAIN [ 25 ]. A Japanese study reported HPV52, 16, 51, 53 and 56 were the most common types in patients with VAIN [ 26 ]. However, an Italian study [ 5 ] reported that the top four common HPV genotypes associated with multicentric lesions were HPV16, HPV18, HPV33 and HPV31.…”

Current Updates on Cancer-Causing Types of Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) in East, Southeast, and South Asia

“…In Japan, Genosearch-31 (GS-31) (MBL, Nagoya, Japan), a high-resolution PCR-SSOP-Luminex-based method that combines PCR and a sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe (SSOP) with a Luminex xMAP system has been used to discriminate 31 HPV genotypes in various studies [ 51 , 171 , 172 ]. Japanese research teams have also collaborated with Mongolia, Cambodia, and Laos in HPV epidemiological studies.…”