The Prevalence of Three Viruses Infecting Fig in Southern Turkey

Çağlar, Behçet Kemal; Fidan, Hakan; Güldür, Muhammed Emin; Elbeaino, Toufic

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0434.2010.01749.x

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However, FMV was detected in 8.6% of the tested samples and only in fig trees collected from two provinces neighbouring the northern part of Turkey, whilst it was absent in the other five provinces surveyed. This result is consistent with that of Caglar et al. (2011), who reported a similar infection rate (7.6%) in Turkish areas bordering Iran.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Current Status of Fig Mosaic Disease in Iran

Shahmirzaie

Rakhshandehroo

Zamanizadeh

et al. 2012

Journal of Phytopathology

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During 2009–2010, a survey was conducted in gardens and commercial fig orchards throughout Iran to determine the prevalence of Fig leaf mottle‐associated virus 1 (FLMaV‐1), Fig leaf mottle‐associated virus 2 (FLMaV‐2), Fig mild mottle‐associated virus (FMMaV), Fig latent virus 1 (FLV‐1) and Fig mosaic virus (FMV). Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and dot immunobinding assay (DIBA) were conducted on 104 fig samples collected from seven provinces. FLV‐1, FLMaV‐1 and FMV were found in 14.5, 11.5 and 8.6% of the samples, respectively, but FLMaV‐2 and FMMaV were absent. The overall average of infection reached 18.3%, with a peak of 42.9% in Semnan Province, followed by Golestan (40%), Tehran (32.3%), Lorestan (28.6%) and Mazandaran (25%) provinces. No infection was found in Fars and Gilan provinces. Fig samples from Varamin and Khorramabad districts showed high levels of mixed infections, 35.7 and 28.6%, respectively. The presence of FMV and FLV‐1 in the sap of symptomatic fig leaves was also ascertained by DIBA. Sequence analysis of amplified DNA from the partial RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase gene of two FMV isolates from Iran showed a low level of nucleotide variability (5%). The Iranian isolates shared a common phylogeny with other Mediterranean FMV isolates and in particular with those originating from Turkey already reported in GenBank. This is the first report on the presence of FLMaV‐1 and FLV‐1 in Iran and offers a preliminary insight into the unsatisfactory health status of fig in this country.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Comforting was the absence in the surveyed Iranian fig orchards of FLMaV‐2 and FMMaV, contrary to their occurrence in other Mediterranean countries (Elbeaino et al. 2009c, 2010; Caglar et al. 2011; Elbeshehy and Elbeaino 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Current Status of Fig Mosaic Disease in Iran

Shahmirzaie

Rakhshandehroo

Zamanizadeh

et al. 2012

Journal of Phytopathology

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“…The studied sequences presented a nucleotide variation of more than 7%, a similar level was also reported from isolates from different Mediterranean countries (Caglar et al. ; Ishikawa et al. ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…In Turkey, only FMV and FLMaV‐2 were detected (Caglar et al. ), and in Iran, FLV‐1, FLMaV‐1 and FMV were found, but FLMaV‐2 and FMMaV were absent (Shahmirzaie et al. ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fig Viruses in Mainland Spain

Alfaro-Fernández

Hernández-Llópis

Font

2013

Journal of Phytopathology

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A survey of fig viruses was conducted from 2010 to 2012 on individual fig trees from outdoor gardens showing different symptoms associated with fig mosaic disease. A total of 30 fig leaf samples were collected from eight different provinces of mainland Spain and tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) to assess the presence of fig mosaic virus (FMV), fig leaf mottle‐associated virus 1 (FLMaV‐1), fig leaf mottle‐associated virus 2 (FLMaV‐2), fig mild mottle‐associated virus (FMMaV), fig latent virus 1 (FLV‐1) and Fig fleck‐associated virus (FFkaV). The 96.7% (29 samples of 30) of the analysed samples were infected with FMV, 16.7% (5 of 30) with FLMaV‐1 and 26.7% (8 of 30) with FMMaV, whereas all samples were negative for FLMaV‐2, FLV‐1 and FFkaV. Mixed infection was observed in 13 samples. Sequencing analyses results showed that FMV, FMMaV and FLMaV‐1 Spanish isolates shared 89–93% nt identity with other Mediterranean isolates of the same viruses. Phylogenetic analyses of the amplified RdRp fragment from the FMV grouped the Spanish isolates into a subgroup together with Japanese, Canadian and some Serbian and Turkish isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of FMV, FMMaV and FLMaV‐1 occurring in mainland Spain.

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“…Only recently the causal agent of FMD, a multipartite single-stranded negative-sense RNA virus belonging to the genus Emaravirus, was identified. Although Koch's postulates remain to be fulfilled due to the difficulty of sap inoculation (Elbeaino et al, 2009a), the strong association of FMV with FMD (Walia et al, 2009) and mite transmissibility of FMV (Çaglayan et al, 2010) Walia et al, 2009;Çağlayan et al, 2010;Ishikawa et al, 2012, Elbeshey andCaglar et al, 2011;El Air et al, 2015;Aldhebiani et al, 2015;Shahmirzaie et al, 2010).…”

Section: Fig Main Pests and Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of standard and setup of non conventional techniques for the elimination of viruses associated with Fig Mosaic Disease (FMD) in fig germplasm (Ficus carica L.)

Yahyaoui¹

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The Prevalence of Three Viruses Infecting Fig in Southern Turkey

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Current Status of Fig Mosaic Disease in Iran

Current Status of Fig Mosaic Disease in Iran

Fig Viruses in Mainland Spain

Use of standard and setup of non conventional techniques for the elimination of viruses associated with Fig Mosaic Disease (FMD) in fig germplasm (Ficus carica L.)

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