The prevalence of HPV infections in HPV‐vaccinated women from the general population

Abstract

Currently, three prophylactic HPV vaccines are commercially available to prevent HPV 16/18 infection and associated lesions. The aim of the study was to assess markers of HPV infection in women/girls before vaccination and to ascertain the prevalence and spectrum of post-vaccination HPV types. Three hundred and thirty subjects of which 75 were virgins were enrolled. Before the first dose of the HPV vaccine and 1, 3 and 5 years after the completion of HPV vaccination, the samples for cytology, HPV detection and anti-HPV antibody response were taken. At enrolment, HPV DNA was detected in 38% of sexually active girls/women. At the first, second and third follow-up, HPV DNA was found in 40, 45, and 39% of them. The seroprevalence rates to HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 in these subjects were 31, 21, 18 and 10%. On the follow-up significantly higher levels of antibodies to HPV 16/18 were found after application of divalent vaccine. Results of the study demonstrate high prevalence of HPV infection in young women. In a substantial number of women, HPV-specific antibodies as well as high-risk HPV types were detected. HPV-specific antibodies were also frequently found in non-sexually active girls. The acquisition of HPV after the onset of sexual life was very fast.

Outcomes After Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Patients With Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis

“…The detection and genotyping of HPV DNA were performed as described elsewhere . The presence of antibodies to HPV was tested using an in-house L1 virus-like particles (VLPs)–based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as described previously (eMethods in Supplement 1).…”

RETRACTION: Increased incidence of cervical cancer in Sweden: Possible link with HPV vaccination

“…There are more than 200 types of HPVs, of which 12 are currently classified as high-risk cancer types (14). HPV may be found in non-sexually active girls (15). It may be transmitted through non-sexual means, either by way of mother to child, from contact with infected items, from self-inoculation or hospital-acquired infection (16), or via blood (17,18).…”

Presence of human papilloma virus in Caucasian women living in the central Europe diagnosed with vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia

“…In the Estonian study, high-risk HPV (16,18,31,33,45,52,58) was present in 90% of vulvar cases [7]. In Czech, as many as 37% of randomly enrolled women were detected positive for HPV during the observational vaccination study [8]. Recent Austrian study showed 23% of vulvar cancers had been HPV positive, with more than 90% of them being a single-type infection [9].…”