The Prevalence of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in COVID‐19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis

Tong, Jane Y.; Wong, Amanda; Zhu, Daniel; Fastenberg, Judd H.; Tham, Tristan

doi:10.1177/0194599820926473

Cited by 519 publications

(568 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Also, the pooled estimated prevalence of any gustatory dysfunction, ageusia and dysgeusia was 41%, 31% and 34% respectively. These ndings were concordant with previous meta-analysis by Tong et al (20). Previous metaanalysis with ten included studies showed that prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction was 52.73% (95% CI, 29.64%-75.23%) and…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in 2019 novel coronavirus: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Esmaeili

Abdi

Shafiee

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundEvidence showed that partial or complete loss of smell and taste might be a possible primary symptom of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). This study aimed to systematically review and pool all available evidence on the olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. MethodsIn this systematic review, a comprehensive search was carried out systematically through e-databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS); that was limited to English-language studies published from 2019 up to 6th May 2020. Afterward, all studies reported the taste and smell dysfunction in the COVID-19 patients were included. The quality of the studies was assessed by the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The pooled prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction was estimated using the random effects meta-analysis method.ResultsAmong 28 eligible included studies in this systematic review, finally, 22 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. According to the random effect meta-analysis, the global pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) of any olfactory dysfunction, anosmia, and hyposmia was 55% (40%-70%), 40% (22%-57%), and 40% (20%-61%) respectively. The pooled estimated prevalence of any gustatory dysfunction, ageusia, and dysgeusia was 41% (23%-59%), 31% (3%-59%), and 34% (19%-48%) respectively. ConclusionOlfactory and gustatory dysfunction is prevalent among COVID-19 patients. Therefore, olfactory and gustatory dysfunction seems to be part of important symptoms and notify for the diagnosis of COVID-19, especially in the early phase of the infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in 2019 novel coronavirus: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Esmaeili

Abdi

Shafiee

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In addition, a recent meta-analysis showed that the prevalences of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction were 52.7% and 54.9% in COVID-19 patients, respectively; however, a signi cant heterogeneity (I 2 = 98.9% for both, prevalences of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction) was detected. 4 In contrast to Europe where the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction was found to be more than 50% in many studies, we noted that most studies conducted in Asia showed the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction to be less than 50%. [5][6][7][8][9] Therefore, we hypothesized that the prevalences of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction are geographically and chronologically different, and this may explain the heterogeneity of the prevalences of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

“…Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction are frequently reported in patients with COVID-19 and are noted as signi cant symptoms in COVID-19. The prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in previous studies varies from 5.1% to 98.3% and 5.6% to 92.7%, respectively 4 ; however, the reason for the inter-study differences is unclear. In addition, a recent meta-analysis showed that the prevalences of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction were 52.7% and 54.9% in COVID-19 patients, respectively; however, a signi cant heterogeneity (I 2 = 98.9% for both, prevalences of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction) was detected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Regional and chronological differences in prevalences of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a systemic review and meta-analysis

Kim

Han

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction are frequently reported in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, the reported prevalence of olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction varies widely, and the reason for the inter-study differences is unclear. Hence, in this meta-analysis, we performed subgroup analyses to investigate the factors that contribute to the inter-study variability in the prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. Out of 943 citations, we included 55 eligible studies with 13,527 patients with COVID-19 for a systematic review. The overall pooled prevalences of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction were 51.4% and 47.5%, respectively, in the random-effect model. In subgroup analyses, the prevalences of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction were significantly different among four geographical regions (both P < 0.001, respectively). Although the prevalences of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction did not significantly differ according to the time of enrollment, the subgroup analyses including only studies from the same geographical region (Europe) revealed a significant difference in olfactory dysfunction according to the time of enrollment. The regional and chronological differences in the prevalences of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions partly explain the wide inter-study variability.

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“…Anosmia has already been described as a symptom of SARS-Cov-21 in the scienti c community by otorhinolaryngologists2 and other specialists3 to take this symptom into account early in the course of the infection. 4 We consider it necessary to scienti cally support the results obtained.5 Despite the fact that the relationship between SARS-Cov-2 infection and sensorineural de cits anosmia and ageusia has already been described, there are few quantitative studies that prove this possible causal relationship. We need to continue investigating and to quantify these subjective olfactory losses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Olfactory dysfunction quantified by olfactometry in patients with SARS-Cov-2 infection

Cervilla

Gutiérrez

Romero

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objective: To quantify olfactory dysfunction by olfactometry in patients with laboratory confirmed SARS-Cov-2 infection.Methods: Patients from a particular Spanish health area with SARS-Cov-2 infection were recruited to study the loss of smell. Olfactometry was performed using the Sniffin Sticks test. The following clinical symtoms were studied: ENT symptoms related to infection, duration of sensorineural loss, subjective and objective score of loss of smell, and its temporal relationship with other systemic symptoms.Results: A total of 51 patients with SARS-Cov-2 infection completed the study. A total of 86.3% reported subjective loss of smell capacity. Objective loss of olfactory ability was quantified by olfactometry in 22% of patients. Statistical significance was demonstrated between the group of patients with anosmia/hyposmia and the Sniffin Sticks test (p-value: 0.013). The most frequent ENT symptoms in patients with quantified olfactory loss consisted of nasal obstruction, absence of rhinorrhea, sore throat, and ear pain. The subjective olfactory recovery rate prior to performing olfactometry was 64.3% of the sample. A total of 77% of patients in whom olfactory loss was quantified by olfactometry reported a subjective duration of more than 15 days.Conclusion: Olfactory dysfunction is an objective clinical finding in patients with SARS- Cov-2 infection. Its persistence has been demonstrated beyond the first month after infection. Their quantitative study should be continued to determine the recovery rate and its possible long-term sequelae, as well as treatments to improve the quality of life of these patients.

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The Prevalence of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in COVID‐19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis

Cited by 519 publications

References 44 publications

Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in 2019 novel coronavirus: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in 2019 novel coronavirus: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Regional and chronological differences in prevalences of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a systemic review and meta-analysis

Olfactory dysfunction quantified by olfactometry in patients with SARS-Cov-2 infection

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